Oppression And Dehumanization Of African Americans Essay

Regardless of race or ethnicity, it is my belief that people in general, will stand up for their rights no matter what they have to do in order to get their rights recognized, they will do it. In this case, African Americans had to fight to mold the country and freedom that they desired. When a group of people become oppressed they will learn to band together to mold their future and the future of their children. I would like to look into this from the point of view that even though we are referring to people of African American descent, other races would have done the same. I hope to touch on topics and keywords that will reflect that in a literary sense. For a little further in-depth look at the oppression and dehumanization of African Americans, I did a little reading on West’s Encyclopedia of American Law through Encyclopedia.com The oppression and dehumanization of African Americans is so evident just by looking at the nature in which they were treated. Being forced to re linquish their seats on the bus if a Caucasian person wanted it, not even if they needed it. They kept African American students from gaining a proper education and even murdered people that could or would potentially oppose them. Among the more popular examples of oppression and dehumanization towards African Americans, we can look at the arrest and fiasco created around Rosa Parks, who was arrested, rather elaborately for not wishing to give up her spot on the bus. However, her arrest wouldShow MoreRelatedOlaudah Equiano, A British Slave, And Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs, American Slaves Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesJacobs, American slaves, highlight the transition from the institution of British slavery pre-American Revolution to the 18th and 19th century American plantation slavery. The explicit differences between the two systems suggest unique factors that either promoted or hindered each institution. 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Islam And The Muslim Empire - 1773 Words

Most decisions and obligations made in our lives are heavily impacted by the concepts in which we believe. The intricacies of human beliefs and religions often affect how we choose to live. They act as catalysts that predispose us to making moral or immoral decisions. Many examples that support this statement can be found in the Muslim Empire. The term Muslim translates to one who submits to Allah, the supreme god of Islam. To maintain a pure relationship with Allah as well as a spiritual balance within themselves, people of the early Muslim empires were rather hesitant in following Islamic law. The beliefs and practices of Islam strictly determined how the Muslims were to behave. Islam was the source in which the inhabitants of the early Muslim Empire referred to in making decisions pertaining to social, economic and political matters. The practices within the religion heavily influenced the nature of early Muslim citizens, dedicated members of the military, and non-Muslims. Many Is lamic beliefs determined the nature of average Muslim citizens in the early Muslim empires. The religion of Islam began with one faith-driven individual named Muhammad, who laid the foundation in which a large and expanding empire would be built on. In the beginning, Muhammad had gained only a few loyal followers, but once he had gained control of the prominent city of Mecca, thousands of converts were led to the monotheistic religion of Islam. After Muhammad’s death, his revelationsShow MoreRelatedMuslim World Cosmopolitanism1699 Words   |  7 Pagesearth, can we talk about â€Å"Muslim† world cosmopolitanism? That is just how Allah or His prophet, Muhammad (570-632), from day one, viewed Islam, whether anyone liked it or not, as the religion for entire humanity. 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Analyzing The Market Strategy Of Dove Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing Market Strategy Of Dove Australia. Answer: Introduction: The report inculcates discussion regarding Dove and its varying products. The aim of the report is to analyze the market of a dove and what entrepreneurial have been undertaken by the company to promote its product and what further measure will it take to ensure the expansion in the market and establish a brand name and brand image. With the help of positive motivation consumer base as well as customer loyalty gets increased. Within the report background history of Dove is described along with the vision it carries. The focus was on its promotional activity as well because it uses old strategy in a new way. Its the tendency of Dove to portray the product with the help of normal and real li9fe ladies instead of models who carries makeup and depict the outer beauty. The motive of Dove is to concentrate on the inner beauty of the women and make them believe in themselves. The product chose the live testing and true view points of the consumer. This reflects positivity and delivers the healthy message of being confident and feels beautiful and flawless as the color is not the matter of beauty. The target market has been discussed focusing on the particular segments. Though Dove is for men and women more emphasis is paid to the women only to develop the self-esteem. Thereafter the market strategies have been used which discussed the market penetration, market development, program development, and diversificati on. The present scenario has been elucidated along with future policies and how these strategies will be used to rejuvenate the future. New techniques and pattern of advertisements could be selected to refresh the mind of the consumer but keeping up the similar promise that contributes to building strong B to C relationship. In nutshell, the past, present, and future of Dove have been investigated by expanding the area of beauty care and following the same motive in a different manner enhancing the target market and upgrading the strategies to earn both the profit and the values simultaneously. Company background and Product description; About Dove Dove is one of the leading brands in the world in terms of cosmetics. Whenever the discussion of soaps will continue the Dove beauty bar will always acquire a good place in the discussion. Dove could be stated as a one-word definition for soaps. Gradually and slowly it gained the fame and now numerous products of Dove are ruling the cosmetic market like a king because it does not promote fake promises and shows the reality which attracts the consumer and it has built up the goodwill which proves to be the synonym of quality. It never uses models for presenting its advertisement. The company chooses real world random ladies in its advertisement and this is the unique points of the company and the product (Maple holistic, 2016). Dove was originated for the first time in the year 1957. From the day one, the focus of product was in personal care. It was introduced by Lever Brother focusing on the softness and natural care on the skin. The company has made it a point not to use the chemical products which adversely affect the skin rather it uses the moisturizers and real ingredients that do not harm the skin and is soothing for the body care. It provides the radiant effect to the skin making it creamy, soft and blushing. The shape of Dove is also uniquely curved and packaging is simply done with the iconic logo of Dove bird. The name and logo compliment each other and go perfectly with the qualities of the product. As the bird dove is soft, elegant and quite similarly the Dove soap is generous and simple on the skin of consumers and symbolizes the purity. It gained the fame very early because of its purity and innovativeness (Dove, 2017). The promotional campaign of Dove was also unique. In the year 1950, it launched an ad in which it was shown that the cream is been poured in the soap bar which signifies a number of moisturizers that the soap contains. Also, it took the promotional activity to the new hike by introducing the Dove face test. In this test, the ladies were invited and they were made to take the face challenge where the half portion of the face was washed up by dove and experience of them is been noted down. The results were that Dove portion was smooth and flawless whereas the other non-dove side was comparatively rough and dry. Such ads connect the people to reality and they tend to believe in it (Bhasin, 2016). In the year 1960 Dove entered the international market and brought about the new evolution. It was the time when feminism was at its top and for the first time, Dove used the tagline Real-women supporting the ambition of women and believing in them thereby building up the self-confidence. It designed and innovate various products in the field personal care and inaugurated more skin care products for dry skin, moisturizers, and other related products. The revolution took place in the 1980s when Dove came up with the hair care products introducing shampoos and conditioners for dry, rough, dull and oily hair. Also, it introduced the hair oil followed by numerous other bath products in order to lead the market in the cosmetic area thus becoming the leader and setting up trends in bath products along with establishing dominance in soap area. Along with providing the best product to ladies, it comes up with the message of women empowerment. It motivates ladies and brings out the class they carry. Beyond the Real- Women Dove launched the new tagline making women believe in their strong energies and making them realize that they are not less than anyone. The new tagline launched by Dove in 1980 was I am a woman, hear me roar and A womans place, we all know is wherever she wants it to be. In 1990s Dove spread out its product in around 80 countries all over the world and made expansion to establish its space in those countries. Slowly and gradually it came up with Dove shampoos, oil, and deodorants. And, finally, in 2000 it has successfully created its own Dove era by introducing the product line in the different area of bath and beauty items. Even it has now stepped in baby cares as well introducing baby oil, baby shampoo and baby lotions (Johnston Taylor, 2008). Vision of Dove The vision that Dove carries is to enhance the flow of beauty and confidence of a person. There is no definition to be beautiful. Beauty lies within the person and Dove concentrates on that particular beauty. The idea is to build up a positive relationship between women and their looks. This would assist to develop the self-esteem and emerge out with full potential carrying the impressive zeal and ambitions Dove make the women love themselves in whatever face they carry and in what so figure they have, just believe in oneself and glow from inside to shine outside (Dove, 2017). Target market The target market is the segment of people whose needs and desires match the attributes of products and the niche market is been focussed to grow the business and fulfilling the mission to reach close for the accomplishment of vision. It aims at the particular section and gradually grows the area by adopting themarketing policies and accomplishing the 7Ps of the market which goes like this: product, price, place, and promotion (Ward, 2017). First of all segmenting that place in which the ignored section of the market is concentrated by the entrepreneurs by researching and making studies over it and finding out the consumer base. Thereafter that segment which was selected in segmenting is targeted and promotional activities get started to grab the attention of the consumer and making offers and announcing schemes to bring the product in the habit of customers. This helps in fulfilling the third feature ofmarketing strategy i.e., positioning. Positioning is the brand image that is crea ted by the customers. Brand image is something that the customer perceives about the product. It is the image that automatically gets created in the mind of customers when and where they hear the name of the particular product and how they make comparisons and derive relativity (Littlefield, 2015). The brand image is the goodwill of the product in the market which is the final step that every business and its owner ever demand. For building up the brand image ethical deeds is need to be implemented. Customers get attracted to that product and services which fulfill the promises and not just promote fakeness which at last results in consumer disappointment (Custom writing tips, 2012). The target market of the dove is all those women who believe in natural beauty. The ladies who possess the knowledge of nature and beauty care things and what is highly effective to which type of skin care. The pocket friendliness is also an important factor to be considered while targeting the market. Segmentation of this product is based on the features of the product, buyers choice and behavior related to the purchase of the product. For selecting the target market segmentation is been made and for this deep study by the way of research is to be undertaken in order to understand the market aspect and moving a step forward to establish a position in the market (Pitman, 2017). Marketing Strategies The motive of Dove is to provide people with the natural care and trustworthy product. It provides services to the huge business as well as to the small enterprises to increase the consumer base and thereby enhancing the loyalty of consumers (Sipany, 2014). Certain strategies adopted by Dove are as under: Market penetration: In market penetration, Dove came up with the strategy to launch the new product through sampling. This will help the product to penetrate the market and increasing the belongingness among the consumers. The advertisement criteria are always changed to introduce the new pattern attached with new attractiveness (Kasi, n.d.). Market development: The concept of Dove is to build and retain the trust within the customers. The main of the product is to focus on the real beauty and develop the confidence of consumers. The development of market takes place when the awareness among the consumers is there in the context of the new launch and they are informed about the product and its benefits on the skin. The additional content is always demanded by the consumers and satisfaction is derived when those demands are accomplished. For the concern of such development, Dove undertook the campaign to promote the product by establishing the demonstration at different outlets of it. Program development: For encouraging the products sale and services there is an immense need to spread awareness among the consumers. In order to expand the business market research has to be conducted and needs of consumers should be studied. On analyzing, interpreting and evaluating the market it was cultivated that knowledge regarding the product should be furnished to the consumers so that they are aware of the directions to use the product. The product like Dove is harmless and suitable for all skin type as it uses the natural elements and chemical free moisturizers; these are the attributes that almost women desire for their skin care. With this study, the company decides new ways to launch the advertisement and bring out new promotional concepts in the market. Diversification: In order to expand the business and implement diversification in the product line of beauty care, soap and shampoos Dove were at the idea to follow the old strategy. The strategy was to launch the different products for divergent product lines which should suit all the people with distinct skin types and tone. The motive of Dove is moving ahead by taking along all the consumers without creating discrimination. Dove is the product used in different countries by divergent people and gaining satisfaction and increasing customer loyalty by delivering the personal touch (Flagg, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, it could be cultivated from the above report that Dove is the versatile product meant for women and men. Though the focus on the women is more because they are more conscious about the skin care and looks. Comparisons upon the looks are common in this era and in such a competition people have forgotten where the real beauty actually lies. Thus, Dove came up into the market in 1995 and is highly accepted because of its originality. The criteria used by Dove to promote the advertisement are unique as well. It does not ever depict the model to promote the product they always take the challenges and appoint the real world women and make them face the dove face test and note down their views over the experiments. Initially, Dove started with soap but now it follows a huge product line and has become one of the largest selling products of Lever. The strategy adopted by Dove to establish in the market is market penetration, market development, program development, and diversifica tion. The company uses various methods to launch a new advertisement using distinct methods and lively advertisement as well. References Bhasin. H. B., 2016, Marketing mix of Dove, viewed on 4th September 2017, https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-dove/. Custom writing tips, 2012, Market analysis for Dove, Australia, viewed on 3rd September 2017, https://www.dove.com/au/stories/campaigns/60-years-of-realbeauty.html. Dove, 2017, 60years of #real beauty, viewed on 2nd September 2017, https://www.dove.com/au/stories/campaigns/60-years-of-realbeauty.html. Dove, 2017, Our vision, viewed on 4th September 2017, https://www.dove.com/in/stories/about-dove/our-vision.html. Flagg. J., 2013, What we can learn from Doves marketing strategies, viewed on 4th September 2017, https://www.mechtron.com/blog/what-we-can-learn-from-doves-marketing-strategies/. Johnston, J. and Taylor, J., 2008. Feminist consumerism and fat activists: A comparative study of grassroots activism and the Dove real beauty campaign,Signs: Journal of women in culture and society, vol.33, no. 4, pp. 941-966. Kasi, n.d., Marketing Plan of Dove, viewed on 4th September 2017, https://marketingmixx.com/marketing-plan-2/181-marketing-plan-of-dove.html. Littlefield. G., 2015, How Dove uses Data to make customers feel beautiful, viewed on 3rd September, https://www.targetmarketingmag.com/article/dove-uses-data-make-customers-feel-beautiful/all/. Maple Holistic, 2017, Dove company history and review: real beauty, real soap! Viewed on 3rd September 2017, https://www.mapleholistics.com/blog/dove-company-history-and-review-real-beauty-real-soap/#doc1. Pitman. S., 2017, Dove targets older women, viewed on 4th September 2017, https://www.cosmeticsdesign.com/Market-Trends/Dove-targets-older-women. Sipany. R., 2014, Dove marketing strategy, viewed on 3rd September 2017, https://pm01g07.blogspot.in/2014/07/unilever-ltd.html. Ward. S., 2017, Target marketing, viewed on 3rd September 2017, https://www.thebalance.com/target-marketing-2948355.

Jungle Essays (725 words) - Economic Ideologies, Economy, Literature

Jungle Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. Jurgis learns soon after transplanting his family that he alone cannot earn enough to support his entire family, in spite of the intensity of his valiant efforts to work harder. Soon his wife and the rest of his family are working as well, all attempting to chip in to cover family expenses. However, such exposure proves itself to be too dangerous and detrimental to the Rudkuses. Jurgis becomes hardened by his negative experiences as he realizes that, in a capitalist society like the one he was living in, there is no justice. Hard work is not justly rewarded, and often times corruption is rewarded in its place. Through and through, he sees that capitalist life is not fair. Soon he is injured on the job and is forced to stay home and out of work while his mangled foot heals. Jurgis is sidelined from work for two months, and upon his return he finds himself replaced by another worker. Desperate for a job, he takes a dreaded position at the glue factory. Hi wife is pregnant, his family is working themselves to the breaking point, and the bills are getting the best of them. Jurgis turns to drinking. Things get worse. He learns that his wife has been forced to have sex with her boss. Jurgis, in a rage, attacks the man at the Packing house and is arrested for battery. He spends a month in jail, at which time he meets Jack Duane, a character who introduces him to the "easy" life: a life of crime. Within a month of the time Jurgis gets out of jail, everyone has lost their jobs and the house they struggled so hard to keep is lost. Soon Ona is having a child, and because of the lack of funds to pay for proper care for her, both she and the child die in labor. His son drowns, many family members have died and the remainder are scattered with no semblance of the family they once were. Jurgis takes to the country to become a tramp, but as winter approaches he knows he must return to the city - to "the jungle" - once again. Jurgis becomes a beggar and a vagrant. After receiving $100 dollars from Freddie Jones, the son of rich Old Man Jones, he goes into a bar to get change and gets into another altercation, this time with the bartender, and is again arrested. Soon he turns to Jack Duane to enter the life of crime he had foreshadowed. Isolated from any remainders of his family, he begins to live the easy life of shortcuts and crooked paths. However, another chance encounter with Connor, his wife's boss and seducer, brings out his true self again, the man who stands up for his moral convictions, even when it harms him to do so. After beating the man again, he is arrested and jumps bail. By pure luck he wanders into a socialist meeting while looking for food and/or a place to sleep. There his life begins a change in earnest. He learns at that meeting what the working class can do to make a difference. Soon after he reunites with his daughter, Marjia, a drug-addicted prostitue struggling to support the family's remains. The story closes with a happy socialist ending: Jurgis gets a job at a hotel run by socialists and seals his fate. He goes on to become an avid socialist and he, the fighter, and Marjia, the victim, pick up the pieces of their lives to make everything better. I feel that this book is a ridiculously oversimplified look at socialism and a very sinister look at capitalism. While I applaud Sinclair's efforts to illustrate the injustices of capitalism, socialism does not hold the simple solution to everything like it seemingly did for Jurgis in The Jungle. In truth, corruption can be found in any and every type of economic and social-political structure in existence ever throughout history and in the future. A solution to this problem? I can't answer that one, but I

Domestic Violence Theory Effects Interventions essays

Domestic Violence Theory Effects Interventions essays The female is, as it were, a mutilateda sort of natural deficiency. It is not appropriate in a female character to be manly or clever. The male is by nature superior and the female inferior." Domestic violence has been present in our society and an accepted practice of many cultures for hundreds of years. Up until the late 1800's, a man in this country had the right to chastise his wife until the practice was declared illegal in two states (Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence Manual, p. B-8). Old English Common Law allowed husbands to beat their wives provided that the stick they used was not thicker than his thumb; hence the phrase "Rule of Thumb"(Heart on a Chain [Video]). Although times have changed in this regard and laws have been enacted in order to protect women from abuse, the fact remains that acts of domestic violence occur every 15 seconds in the United States. Over the past two decades, extensive research has been done on the dynamics of domestic violence. Through this research, many of the aspects of domestic violence are better understood. Various researchers have theorized the causal mechanism behind domestic violence, have studied the characteristics of both the female victim and the male perpetrator, and have researched the effects on men, women, and the invisible victims of domestic violence: the children. Unfortunately, despite all that has been learned, domestic violence is still prevalent in today's society. The question is why? In an attempt to answer this question, this paper will present and discuss many of the theories of domestic abuse that have transpired as a result of years of research. Additionally, the emotional, psychological, and behavioral impact on the female victim and her children will be presented through the empirical evidence. Third, this paper will also present approaches to intervention strategies used with family members involved in violence. Finally, this pa...

Brainstorms, Turning to Showers

Brainstorms, Turning to Showers Brainstorms, Turning to Showers Brainstorms, Turning to Showers By Maeve Maddox Until recently I associated only two meanings with the word brainstorm: 1. noun: a brilliant idea. Ex. Hey, guys, I just had a brainstorm! Lets go to the movies. 2, verb: to generate a lot of ideas in a short time. Ex. Before deciding on an essay topic, take the time to brainstorm. According the the Wikipedia, brainstorming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution of a problem. The method was first popularized in the late 1930s by Alex Faickney Osborn in a book called Applied Imagination. Osborn proposed that groups could double their creative output with brainstorming. Heres what it says in the OED brain-storm, (a) ‘a succession of sudden and severe phenomena, due to some cerebral disturbance’ (Gould 1894); (b) U.S. colloq. = brain-wave (c); (c) U.S., a concerted ‘attack’ on a problem, usu. by amassing a number of spontaneous ideas which are then discussed; also attrib.; so as v., to make such an attack; hence brain-storming vbl. n. and ppl. Apparently some sensitive civil servants in Britain think the expression brainstorm is potentially offensive to people who have epilepsy or some other medical condition that affects the brain. They recommend that we adopt some other figure of speech, such as word storm, thought shower or ideas shower. . . .staff at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) in Belfast will use the term thought-showers when they get together to think creatively. A spokeswoman said: The DETI does not use the term brainstorming on its training courses on the grounds that it may be deemed pejorative. The Guardian A spokesman for Tunbridge Wells Borough Council in Kent said: We take diversity awareness very seriously. The majority of staff have taken part in training and been asked to use the term thought showers. The Telegraph It seems that people who actually have the condition of epilepsy arent much bothered by the popular use of brainstorm to mean to generate ideas. The Epilepsy Foundation of Los Angeles named a recent conference The Epilepsy Brainstorm Summit. Gemma Baxter from the National Society for Epilepsy in the U.K. said her organization contacted people with epilepsy in the community and the overwhelming response was that brainstorming implies no offence to people with epilepsy, and that any implication that the word is offensive to people with the condition is taking political correctness too far. quoted in Free Republic Tricia Ward and Sam Delaney have something to say about this well-meaning pre-emptive effort of the language police to spare the feelings of people whose feelings are unknown to them: Tricia Ward Sam Delaney (Update: Article no longer online) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Apostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Response to class members Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to class members - Assignment Example They have customers, in other words, that they have to please. When this happens, they sometimes lose their autonomy. They lose their â€Å"backbone,† which is also important to them as artists. I agree with you that Oprah is a good example of an artist with a backbone. She has a large role in changing perceptions about African Americans and women. She showed the world that her race and gender are not impediments to her success. In her case, her backbone has helped strengthen the backbones of others. Right now, Oprah is using her power to improve the lives of marginalized groups. I think that her work indicates a very significant role of artists. Artists contribute to their society, too. They contribute their art to the world, as well as their ideas and vision of a good society. In other words, art can also be life changing. I agree with what you said that artists have a role to express their individuality and to use art as a way of empowering themselves. Art is a subjective process and product. Artists use art to express their emotions and ideas. It helps them understand their identities and develop their skills. Like what you said, your brother uses his art to emphasize his individuality. You also mentioned that artists also have a role to inspire others. They have unique talents that let them make wonderful products that inspire their audience. Inspiring them causes them to think and to act. When you said, â€Å"Artists are the doormen of change,† this immensely struck me. Artwork, such as paintings, literature, and dances, can be powerful means of expressing new ideas and practices that can challenge and change old ones. The main goal is to change people, so that they can also change the world. Artists either create or feed sparks of changes that impact social conditions. I understand why you used Reba McEntire as an example. She makes country music that inspires others. It is a music that has a culture of its own, and

IT INFRASTRUCTURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

IT INFRASTRUCTURE - Essay Example The services are offered in a multi-specialty manner under one roof and multiple consultants and doctors operate from each specialty to reduce patient queuing time. There is also a modular operating room to minimize Hospital Acquired infections in surgical patients as well as an amazing and completely entertaining children’s zone and child care area attached to the pediatric wing. The hospital offers 24-hour service in selected emergency situations, pharmacy GP and ambulance. As mentioned earlier, the hospital provide a host of services including urology, heart care, child care, weight loss, genecology, minimal access surgery and women wellness programs. These services are highly sensitive and patients sometimes demand to be served by their preferred doctors. The hospital, in the past was overwhelmed by the demand and the lack of scheduling mechanism to distribute patients to available consulting doctors efficiently. This resulted in a lot of inconveniences in terms of waiting time the associated health repercussions. The hospital in leveraging technology decided to introduce a doctor and patient management system known as Inquiry, Booking and Reservation system. This system allow patient to inquire for their preferred consultant doctors and book for an appropriate session guided by the schedule of the doctor. Most of its clients make reservations through direct calls made to the centre. The customer service department receives the calls, book clients an d advice on the best visit schedules according to the physicists calendar of events. In dire scenarios, the hospital allows direct communication between clients and their doctors for better service delivery. Therefore, telephone communication is the de facto medium although other channels such as eMail and texts are employed. The clinic has an implementation of VoIP. However, the system has been associated with some drawbacks. Some of the clients have

Price Elasticity Essay Example for Free

Price Elasticity Essay Using the calculation of: price elasticity of demand= (percentage change in quantity)/(percentage change in price) When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is greater than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be greater than 1. The first two products, Barnes and Noble books and Coca-Cola, will therefore have an elastic demand classification. When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is less than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be less than 1. The last three products of Cigarettes, Beer, and Gasoline; will therefore have an inelastic demand classification. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Explain the implications of those classifications on tax revenue collections when the per-unit tax increases as opposed to decreases. When the products are inelastic, an increase in price from the higher duty will lead to a small decrease in demand which is not enough to offset the higher tax that is raised on each unit. Basically, tax revenue collections will therefore rise. The tax revenue collections will fall when that price decreases. They move in the same direction. When the products are elastic, an increase in price from the higher duty would lead to a fall in tax revenue collections. Alternately, when the price decreases, it would lead to a rise in the tax revenue collections. The relationship here is an inverse one. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Using those classifications, make some assumptions regarding tax incidence. For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. If the product is price inelastic to the consumer (if price rose, a small demand loss would be accounted for by the extra revenue), the seller is able to pass the entire or most of the burden of the tax on to the buyer. The tax incidence here falls on the buyer. If the seller is unable to raise prices because the product is price elastic (if prices rose, more demand would be lost than extra revenue gained), the seller then has to bear the burden of the tax or face decreased revenues. The tax incidence here falls to the seller. In this scenario, the burden would likely continue to flow further back to the factors of production. (Wikipedia, 2013) Conclude, based on the elasticity classifications, their effect on tax revenue and tax incidence, and which goods the government would prefer to tax. The government would prefer to tax products that are usually inelastic. The reason for this is that the quantity demanded of inelastic goods is proportionally smaller than the increase or decrease in the change in price†¦they are less responsive. Therefore the government will place taxes on these goods and they will acquire higher tax revenues. The seller basically does not care that much as they simply place most of the burden of these taxes onto the buyer. Bibliography R. Glen Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Microeconomics, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Wikipedia. (2013, April 6). Tax Incidence. Retrieved 9 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_incidence

World Rulers :: essays papers

World Rulers Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Genghis Khan This paper will explore the lives of three of the most well known rulers in human history, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Genghis Khan. This will first consist of an examination of the personalities and gifts of each of these rulers. Details of the course and extent of the conquests and achievements of each individual will follow this. The lasting contributions made by these three men will then be noted. The first ruler under consideration is Alexander the Great. He was the son of Philip II , King of Macedonia, and his wife Olympia, in the year 356 B.C. (^Alexander^). He was a student of Aristotle, and gained interests in the areas of philosophy, medicine, and scientific investigation (^Alexander^). Aristotle took great care in providing Alexander with a very structured and disciplined education (Williams 7-9). However, Alexander^s father, Philip II, would not allow Alexander to form the habits of a recluse. Philip initiated Alexander early with the duties of his high station. It was in this role that Alexander showed his ability to lead men, and be a great administrator. At age sixteen, Alexander was appointed Regent of Macedonia, while Phillip was detained at the siege of Byzantium (Williams 10). It has been noted that Alexander, by this point, had already astonished some Persian deputies by the pertinency of his questions, and the acuteness of his intellect (Williams 10). By the time he was eighteen, Alexander had commanded the left wing of the army at the battle of Chaeroneia, and defeated the Thebans (Williams 10-11). The following is an account of the words of Arrian, an acquaintance of Alexander. He spoke these words Alexander^s death on June 13, 323 B.C.: Let him who would vilify Alexander, not select a few blameworthy acts, but sum up all his great deeds and qualities, and then consider who and what he himself is who would thus abuse the man who attained the pinnacle of human felicity^who was the undisputed monarch of both continents^and whose name has pervaded the whole of the earth^ My own opinion, therefore, I will profess, that not without especial purpose of the deity such a man was given to the world, to whom none has ever yet been equal (Williams 409). The date of Julius Caesar^s birth is in dispute. The probable date was July 12 or 13, 100 B.C. (David 12). His father was Gaius Caesar, who died when Julius was only sixteen.

Public Park: An Invaluable Organ of a Town Essay

INTRODUCTION While the entire world is facing with the problem of environmental pollution, public parks are becoming important than ever. Due to the rise of heavy industries and in the number of vehicles, the air is constantly getting polluted, and especially in the cities, where the industrial activity and the movement of transport is very high, air pollution is heavily contributing to the diseases like asthma. Under these conditions, the importance of creating or maintaining a green open space in and around the central area of the city has become a matter of concern to the civic bodies of across the globe. But a public park does not only supply us oxygen, it does much more than that, ranging from raising the pride of the place to serving an ideal place for recreation and intellectual activity (Hume, 2007). Because of these reasons, the town planners always feel the urge of having a public park in the town, and in the process, they either chance upon a natural place and shape it, or have to create it from the scratch.   Therefore, this essay checks the main functions of public parks with the example of the above two types of parks, before reaching a conclusion. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF A PUBLIC PARK Broadly speaking the main functions of a park can be divided into 10 categories, and they are: Space for physical activity: Parks are the ideal places for physical activities, and in case of some towns, it proves to be the only place to have physical workouts. This utility of parks prove invaluable especially to the senior citizens, who need to have simple physical workouts like walking regularly. For children, parks are always a place of delight in many ways, as parks not only provides them the much needed space to play, but also lets them the scope to observe a slice of nature from close. Space for social functions. Parks serve as the gathering place of the town, where public meetings or any other social or cultural event take place. Through this, parks help to fulfil the need for social communication. Connects the town with nature. With big trees, flowers or lakes, parks house birds, other animals, amphibians, fishes and other aquatic organisms. This creates a natural ecology, which helps the environment in many ways. The big trees absorb carbon-dioxide and release oxygen for the city, all the while absorbing the noise of the city. Serves as the landmark of the town. It is always helpful to have a landmark in the city and parks fulfil that need, thereby making it easy for all remember the complex roadmaps of the city. Heritage Item : Parks also turn as the pride of the city. With time it becomes a symbol of heritage, the identity of a town, which, in many ways contribute to the growth and development of a town. Place to gather mental peace. In this era of congested housing and stressful city-life, parks are the place to refresh the mind in open air. In this regards it serves the needs of human mind also. Place for creative or constructive discussion. An open space amid the concrete-filled city can unleash the creativity of human mind. In a town, park is that place to provide that open place. There are scores of instances where the famous poets or writers gathered their ideas while visiting a public park. It helps to unify the society. With the habit of meeting here regularly, the citizens of town gradually become close and unified. Parks play a silent, yet important role to create solidarity among the citizens of a town. It beautifies the city. Parks provide a much-needed relief for the human eyes with its greens. A well-planned park always adds to the beauty of the town. Landscape architecture can best be exhibited in the parks. Influences local economy. Last, but not the least, it influences the economy of a town, as the properties around a park become costlier (Top 10, 2007). HOW THEY ARE ACCOMMODATED: TOWN PLANNING The making of a park with all the above abilities depend on several factors. Like, the status of the town in the political map of the country, the scope to access the open land in the heart of the city, scope build elaborate roadways around it and the scope to create an attractive environment with lakes, walkways, fountains or relics. It also has to have proper sewerage system and other systems connected to maintenance. However, in modern times, when there is little scope to start a project like public park with open land, landscape architects are converting the abandoned places to amusement park. While the Hyde Park of London provides an examples of the first type, Landschaftspark of Germany speaks for the modern times. HYDE PARK Hyde Park, one of the Royal Parks of London, is placed in central position of the city. Once it was a hunting ground of the British royals, and later it was converted into a public park around 1637, complete with lakes, walkways, artefacts, relics, lush of greens and what not. It has everything one could ask for in a park. At 1733 it was aided by landscaping   too. However, The town planners of London have always enjoyed some advantages to make Hyde Park a spectacular place to visit. Firstly, it belongs to the capital city and has a good climate, along with a great river – thus equipped with political and environmental advantages. There are instances of royal patronage for the development of this open space through centuries, while the intellectuals and the politicians have also been lending their support. That helped the town planners to make it a prime landmark of the city and to arrange the city road map accordingly. Secondly, the planners did not have to struggle to get open land, or didn’t have to try too hard to create the green environment. These factors have made landscaping an easy job for them (Landscape, 2007). LANDSCHAFTSPARK Situated in Duisburg Nord, Germany. Landschaftspark is designed by Peter Latz 1991, where he has converted an abandoned site of two production plants (steel and coal) from a potential environmental threat to a unique visitors’ spot. Here he utilized the advantage of modern technology both to retain the past and introduce the present. In the process, he had to be innovative in every stage of its making, be it using phytoremediation, or using the old gas tanks for scuba-diving. The old bunkers of the factories or the big factory shades were converted into garden and concert halls, while the old sewerage system of the production plants was converted into an aquatic treasure with rainwater. Yet, the aura of the old time remains as it is, with its chief elements like railways, plant shades and old walkways. Here Peter had to work from scratch to reinstate a part of history amid the modern times. Naturally this unique creation has become a favourite joint for the tourists all across the globe. It may not be bestowed with natural advantages like Hyde Park, yet it carried the scope to recreated an exhibition of vintage industrialization attempts of humans – and Peter has utilized that advantage to the full. It may not have evolved out of the need to serve the city its much needed oxygen, yet it has saved the area from dangerous pollutants left by the production plants and also lend to the economy of the area, besides serving as a landmark of Duisburg, Nord (Landschaftspark, 2007). The success of the amusement parks like Landschaftspark also hints about the possible future of landscape architecture. CONCLUSION Parks serve many a purpose to the society, especially in a city, where its utility value is invaluable. With time, old, open places encouraged the city planners to landscape the place and convert it as a public park – as has happened in the case of Hyde Park of London. In the modern time, the lack of space in the heartland of a city may have limited the scope for the planners, but that is not the end of the road, as Landschaftspark has shown the way as to how a heaven can be recreated out of a seemingly hell. This also speaks about the power of human creativity under difficult conditions. In all, both Hyde Park and Landschaftspark prove a single point – that public park is truly an invaluable organ of a town. REFERENCES â€Å"Hyde Park.† 2007. â€Å"Landscape and open space planning in London.† 2007. Hume, C. 2007. â€Å"Why parks are important.† Web Article. â€Å"Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord†. Web Encyclopedia.   Freeing the soil from pollutants with the help of specific plants

Paramedicine Essay

Paramedicine is a unique field of practice that represents the connection between public health, health care, and public safety. The idea of paramedicine originally featured in the EMS Agenda, which expands the idea of traditional emergency medical services to emergency response system. It brings together responsibilities and roles that are associated with paramedics and at the same time represents the highest level of practice, which is witnessed out of a hospital medicine and cared by non-physicians. This means that paramedicine is a health profession that focuses on assisting families, individuals, and communities to attain, re-attain and at the same time maintaining optimal health, that usually results from sudden onset or acute result that emerges due to medical, and or traumatic events. This type of profession is common and practiced mostly in the out of hospital setting (Adrian 2006, pp. 56). The practice that is associated with paramedicine is usually art, and is based on the sciences of physiology, human anatomy, and pathophysiology. The aim of paramedicine is to promote best possible quality of life, as defined in philosophy of persons and families, which is common throughout their life expectances, which ranges from the care that occurs between birth and death. Paramedicine Profession The profession practice that is used in a paramedicine setting includes a complex and at the same time independent decision making, which is evident in the face of incomplete, ambiguous, and the information that is obtained maybe conflicting. The common decisions making that comes in practice includes readiness and response, patient assessment, scene management, emergency vehicle operations, clinical problem solving, planning, leadership, therapeutic communications, patient education, disposition decisions, and resource coordination. Hence, it involves the application of concepts of medical care at the same time in an uncontrolled, challenging, and austere condition. John’s research paper on Paramedicine World (2006), sums up the natural condition of a professional paramedicine expert, â€Å"People who are in the field of paramedicine should have a wide knowledge and at the same time are supposed to be experienced in issues that are related with complex and fast decision making capabilities without external pressures† pp. 23. Moreover, a part from the idea or portion of practice, paramedicine involves the routine use of medical skills, and tasks, which are controlled by the law. For the different regulated tasks e. . administering a medication, starting an IV, and performing invasive task, requires the practice of paramedicine to be dependent (Adrian 2006, pp. 55). The dependent portion that is present in practice of paramedicine is usually based on a collaborative relationship that has a physician medical director who is charged with provision of medical oversight. The contemporary philosophy that is in medical oversight involves provision of treatment that is common in the physician protocols in encouraging clinical problem solving and in decision-making. Hence, the decision that regards the protocol that is implemented is based on the formation of a specific paramedic diagnosis. Paramedicine bases on the emerging concept of paramedic theory, this theory is based on the study and analysis of three pillars of paramedicine; public health, medicine or health care, and public safety, which interact and intersect. It is stated in the IoM Report EMS at Crossroads (2006), that EMS is currently fragmented and at the same time largely separated from the general and overall health care system. Major emphasis in the theory of paramedic is the integration of emergency medical services, both extra-professionally and intra-professionally. Extra-professional study takes care of integration of EMS with the current nation’s emergency care and the health care system. Intra-professional integration bases on the study of distribution, resource allocation, efficiency and deployment. Other areas that are involved in paramedic theory are response planning, emergency response, inter-facility transfer, community education and response or disaster preparedness. Example of skills of paramedicine staff In different parts of the world, e. g. Canada, United States, United Kingdom and Australia have different tasks that they are supposed to undertake with specified qualifications. However, some skills that they are supposed to be performed include; †¢ Emergency vehicle response †¢ Emergency operations †¢ Mass casualty staging and triage †¢ Patient rescue and extrication †¢ Patient transportation †¢ Notifications and Radio Communications †¢ Life Support (Basic, advanced) †¢ ACLS – Advanced Cardiac Life Support †¢ Pharmacological treatment and electric cardiac arrest †¢ Medical administration and at the same time fluid resuscitation The emergency medication that is offered varies in terms of individual medication, and depends on the preference of the physician medical director, the law and at the same time the standard of the care. The individual medication drugs may include Adenocard and Atropine, which monitors the speed of the heartbeat. At the same time, they treat anxiety and crisis conditions and perform RSI. They may at times be permitted to administer pain relievers, and monitors vomiting. Experts who are in the field of paramedicine should have a wide knowledge of pharmaceuticals and the dugs that aid in life support. Paramedics are supposed to have a wide knowledge on drugs that can save and salvage a situation, and at the same time minimize the effects of side effects† (Richard 2006, pp. 78). As written by James in his article Paramedicine Vision (2006), he states that, â€Å"The field of paramedicine depicts different level of emergency containment, and any service that is administered depends on the laws of that specified region, the advice from the physician in charge and the nature of incident† (pp. 45). Qualified Paramedicine Place of Work They are usually employed by different organization, with varied operations distinctions. At the same time, they can be employed by the government agencies in public hospital, part of fire department and municipal EMS service. There presence is common in private sector organizations e. g. private ambulance companies, private hospitals, mines, corporations, racetracks and air ambulance services. At the same time they can work in voluntary sector which they do not offer monetary compensation e. g. community response units or Volunteer Fire Department. Paramedicine in United States Paramedicine is practiced different and the qualifications that are required differ between states. An example is the United States, a paramedic is a person who is qualified in paramedicine field and responds to treatments and medical emergencies and trauma that is common in outside of hospital settings. They provide treatment on the scene and during the transportation to a hospital emergency department. People from this profession also treat patients who do not require hospitalization, such as large events and public gathering. They obtain the legal authority to practice pre-hospital medical care in the said field, and they obtain license from physician medical director who are specialized in the field of Emergency medicine. In this scenario, they serve in out-of-hospital extension of the emergency services, which are offered by medical doctors in the hospital emergency sector. The medical doctors are qualified, and have great amount of experience and directs the functions that are performed by EMTs and other medical responders. There are different ways that the paramedics as stipulated by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are classified – EMT – B (basic), EMT – I (Intermediate), EMT – P (Paramedic) and the First Responders. In the United States, paramedics who work independently, and are under the direction of emergency medical control physicians, and they provide the most advanced emergency level for public outside hospital settings. Nevertheless, there are exceptions to those physicians who operate with air ambulance and jurisdictions that honor CCP – Critical Care Paramedic courses, which are not accepted by the state but are required during hospital ICU to hospital ICU transfers. In general, this means that depending on the region where the department is situated, their ability depends on the states or region conditions. There may be rules and conditions that are supported in the United States and are not eligible in United Kingdom or Australia. At the same time the technology and support that such institutions receive differs a lot, which results in different levels of success in their operations. Paramedicine is an important field in maintaining the state of human life. The demands that are required by different level of populations: individual, family and community are completely different. People who are involved in paramedicine have to understand all socio-ethical, traditional, and legal jurisdiction. The field of paramedicine has various issues that are brought into focus. These issues should be merged in certain way that it does not cause any conflict and they include public health, health care and public safety. Hence, combines different categories to yield paramedics. It is able to combine features that are seen in physiology, human autonomy, and pathophysiology to give birth to a conclusive field of practice. Its operability is some how demanding since it is dependent and at the same time requires stringent decision-making tasks. All this are based in the field of paramedic theory, and brings issues that are related with extra profession and intra-profession, The different fields that are required are used differently depending on the nature of the situation and conditions that are set. This means that it is a collaborative work between different governmental, private and volunteer groups.

Celiac Sprue essays

Celiac Sprue essays The absorption of food nutrients through the small intestine is a condition known as celiac Sprue. The intestine is impaired because of an immune reaction to gluten which is a protein found in wheat or other grains that is in much food that people eat. Celiac sprue is generally reversible once certain grains are removed from the diet. The condition is seen in people from all over the world. The small intestine is affected because the inner lining has fingerlike projections called villa. The villa help to increase the amount of surface available for the absorption and digestion of nutrients. In the celiac sprue there is a flattening of the surface and a loss of the normal villa. This leads to a decrease in the amount of absorption of nutrients. Also the enzymes which are normally present in the lining cells of the intestine are diminished which impairs digestion. The symptoms of sprue vary according to the severity and extent of the disease. Symptoms can become apparent during childhood but often disappear during adolescence. They can also reappear in early adult life, usually during the third and fourth decades. If the disease becomes severe it may be associated with dehydration and mineral losses. Weight loss is common, resulting from lack of absorption of nutrients. Occasionally, weight loss may not occur because patients sometimes have extremely large appetites. Because of the lack of absorption of the nutrients, and vitamins patients can develop anemia and easy bruising. Anemia results from lack of iron and folate. Both substances are important for the forming of red blood cells. Thinning and weakness of bones can also occur from lack of calcium and vitamin D. A diagnosis of celiac spruce is usually not apparent, in many instances the physical examination of the patient is normal. The diagnosis is considered in patients with diarrhea and weight loss. Signs of weight loss may be apparent and patients may become p...

How To Research Latino Ancestry and Genealogy

How To Research Latino Ancestry and Genealogy Indigenous in areas from the southwestern United States to the southern tip of South America and from the Philippines to Spain, Hispanics are a diverse population. From the small country of Spain, tens of millions of Spaniards have emigrated to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Central and South America, Latin America, North America, and Australia. Spaniards settled the Caribbean islands and Mexico more than a century before the English settled Jamestown in 1607. In the United States, Hispanics settled in Saint Augustine, Florida, in 1565 and in New Mexico in 1598. Often, a search for Hispanic ancestry leads ultimately to Spain but is likely that a number of family generations settled in the countries of Central America, South America or the Caribbean. Also, as many of these countries are considered melting pots, it is not uncommon that many individuals of Hispanic descent will not only be able to trace their family tree back to Spain, but also to locations such as France, Germany, Italy, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Portugal. Begin at Home If youve spent any time researching your family tree, this may sound cliche. But the first step in any genealogy research project is, to begin with, what you know - yourself and your direct ancestors. Scour your home and ask your relatives for birth, death and marriage certificates; old family photos; immigration documents, etc. Interview every living relative that you can find, being sure to ask open-ended questions. See 50 Questions for Family Interviews for ideas. As you collect information, be sure to organize the documents into notebooks or binders, and enter the names and dates into a pedigree chart or genealogy software program. Hispanic Surnames Most Hispanic countries, including Spain, have a unique naming system in which children are commonly given two surnames, one from each parent. The middle name (1st surname) comes from the fathers name (apellido paterno), and the last name (2nd surname) is the mothers maiden name (apellido materno). Sometimes, these two surnames may be found separated by y (meaning and), although this is no longer as common as it once was. Recent changes to laws in Spain mean that you may also find the two surnames reversed - first the mothers surname, and then the fathers surname. Women also retain their maiden name when they get married, making it much easier to track families through multiple generations. Know Your History Knowing the local history of the places where your ancestors lived is a great way to speed up your research. Common immigration and migration patterns may provide clues to your ancestors country of origin. Knowing your local history and geography will also help you determine where to look for the records of your ancestors, as well as provide some great background material for when you sit down to write your family history. Find Your Familys Place of Origin Whether your family now lives in Cuba, Mexico, the United States or another country, the goal in researching your Hispanic roots is to use the records of that country to trace your family back to the country of origin. Youll need to search through public records of the place where your ancestors lived, including the following major record sources: Church RecordsThe records of the Roman Catholic church represent one of the best sources for locating a Hispanic familys place of origin. Local parish records in Hispanic Catholic parishes include sacramental records such as baptisms, marriages, deaths, burials, and confirmations. Particularly valuable are marriage records, in which the town of origin is frequently documented for the bride and groom. Many of these records are kept in Spanish, so you may find this Spanish Genealogical Word List to be helpful in translation. A vast majority of these Hispanic parish records have been microfilmed by the Family History Library in Salt Lake City and you can borrow the ones you need through your local Family History Center. You may also be able to obtain copies by writing directly to the local parish where your ancestors lived.Civil or Vital RecordsCivil registration is the record kept by local governments of the births, marriages, and deaths within their jurisdictions. These records provid e excellent sources for information such as the names of family members, dates of important events and, possibly, the familys place of origin. In the United States, more recent vital records are usually maintained at the state level. In general, civil records date back to the early 1900s in the United States; 1859 in Mexico; 1870s-1880s in most Central and South American countries; and 1885 in Puerto Rico. Civil or vital records are typically kept at the local (town, village, county or municipal) level in the local court, municipal office, county office or Civil Registry office. Many have also been microfilmed by the Family History Library (see church records). Immigration RecordsA number of immigration sources, including passenger lists, border crossing records, and naturalization and citizenship records, are also useful for identifying the place of origin of an immigrant ancestor. For early Spanish emigrants, the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, is the repository for Spanish documents dealing with the Spanish colonial period (1492-1810) in the Americas. These documents often include the birthplace of each individual recorded. Ship arrivals and passenger lists provide the best documentation of immigrants who came to the Americas after the middle of the nineteenth century. These records, kept at major North, Central, and South American ports, can usually be found in the National Archives of the country in question. Many are also available on microfilm through your local family history center. Tracing your Hispanic roots may, eventually, lead you to Spain, where genealogical records are among the oldest and best in the world.

Time Value of Money in Economic Decisions Research Paper

Time Value of Money in Economic Decisions - Research Paper Example An Opportunity cost arises when one is made to wait for the amount in future. In this context, Blue jay Manufacturing Company is looking at two options. These options include outsourcing portions of its in house manufacturing or making a capital investment towards expansion of in house manufacturing. Capital budgeting is thus essential in making a financial analysis of the two options presented to make a decision that will have the best outcome. Time value of money uses the present value and the future value of cash flows. In this case Butler wants to keep the manufacturing in house and to do so there is need for a capital investment to be made. Investing this cash denies the business a chance to outsource since the money cannot be realized till the investment pays off. Time value of money is used here to calculate the future value of the money which is then compared to the investment value at maturity. If the investment value at maturity is greater than the calculated future value o f money, then it is considered a good investment. However, if the future value of money is greater than the value of the investment then it is not a good capital investment and Butler would be advised to go ahead and outsource (Crosson and Needles, 2008). This is how time value of money is used in making an economic decision. It helps to calculate the value of money at a future date and compare it with its present value so as to determine a worthy investment. To clearly understand the basics of time value of money, it is important to understand the Net Present value. Net Present Value is the difference between present values of cash outflows and the present values of cash inflows. It is calculated to check the profitability of one alternative over the other. A positive NPV is an indication that it is a good investment whereas a negative NPV shows that it is not a worthy investment (Steven, 1986). In this case, future cash flows estimates of outsourcing are generated. These cash flow s are then discounted to one lump sum present value for example $600,000. If the suppliers are willing to provide their services at a price below $600,000 then management can give the go ahead to outsource for this presents a positive NPV. However, if the suppliers charge more than $600,000 it would be a very costly move and thus management would chose not to outsource. Consequently, the same analysis should be done for the case of in house manufacturing. If the NPV of in house manufacturing is found to be greater than the NPV of outsourcing, then by all means a capital investment should be made to expand in house manufacturing and vice versa. Net Present Value calculations take inflation and returns into account while analyzing the time value of money. In simple terms, it is the present value of future cash flows without accounting for the purchase price (Crosson and Needles, 2008). It is considered the most standard method for using time value of money to appraise long term invest ments during capital budgeting. The Pay Back Period is also another method that is used to determine the time value of money. However, it only measures the risk and not the returns. The Pay Back period measures the time taken for cash inflows to equate to the capital investment made. The shorter the period the more worthy the investment is. Time value of money

Managing and training a global workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing and training a global workforce - Essay Example Due to the importance of training companies have to device ways to become more effective at training a global workforce. The managing of employees internationally requires the use of sound management techniques. The business structure of a company affects the way employees are managed. Centralized and decentralized management systems function very differently. In a centralized management system all decisions are made at the top level, while in a decentralized system employees are also involved in the decision making (Blurit). Getting employees involved is a great way to instill confidence in the workers and to establish good labor relations. There are different factors that affect a company’s abilities to manage a global workforce. Four of those factors are cultural differences, language, currency differences, and regulatory variations (Gordon). The cultural differences among workforces affect a company’s ability to manage its workforce. Japanese culture is very male or iented. It would not be a good strategy for an American company to put an American woman in charge of a Japanese factory. In the United States women have equal employment opportunity, but there still exist a glass ceiling for women to get into managerial positions. During the next five years there will be more women at the top managerial positions of companies. ... Regulatory variations affect the way a company manages a global staff. The normal work week in France is 35 hours, while in the United States the normal work week is 40 hours (Itodt). The training of employees in global settings is extremely important. Due to the distance barriers companies that have headquarters in the United States or Europe have to adapt their strategies to train its staff located across the 200 countries in the world. A technique that can help multinational corporations implement training sessions faster and in a more efficient manner is the use of online training tools. An online training can be created customized to the needs of the global staff. Language barriers can be eliminated by creating the training in the native language of the population. One of the advantages of online training is the flexibility of implementation. Companies can choose to give the online lessons during working hours or to allow the employees to take the training sessions on their own time. Employees can assess the company’s intranet online to take the training. In order to be fair and to motivate employees to take the training session seriously companies can pay financial incentives upon successful completion of an online training taken at home. Due to issues associated with cultural factors another option companies can utilize to train its global workforce is to hire domestic consulting companies from the foreign location. For example a US company would hire a HR consulting specialist in China to train the employees from its Chinese operation. The use of this strategy can achieve better results because these firms have special insight into the cultural factors that motivate the employees from

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism Assignment

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism - Assignment Example Remarkable progress was achieved in the fields of infrastructure development and industrialization and the capitalist maximized their profits, but the state of affairs of the labor class of the society remained the same. As the standard of living of the elite class and the capitalists increased with the increased productivity, the disparity and discrepancy between different social classes went on to increase and the lower classes started to protest about their miserable status of living. This led to the development of another socioeconomic ideology which was later called socialism. Socialist thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels declared that state is responsible for safeguarding the basic rights of each and every individual of the society and the ultimate objective of the states should be to provide better services all the classes of the society, irrespective of their financial status (Balcerowicz, 1995). Capitalism Capitalism is a system of economics in which the producti on and the distribution is the ownership of individuals or corporations and the development is proportional to the accumulation and the reinvestment of the profits generated in a free market economy. In simple words the person or the group of persons who have invested its capital, and thus put their money on risk, are entitled to enjoy absolute authority over production and distribution and also the profits generated through the investment of capital. The industrial revolution compelled a considerable number of people living in rural areas to move to the cities in order to enjoy the advantages of industrial revolution. This led to the concept of buying the services of people in return of wages and thus a working class was created in the society, but in contrast to the aspirations of the common people, the working class could not improve their working conditions because they were considered as a means of maximizing profit by the capitalists and were exploited bitterly (Davis & Scase, 1987). The pioneers of capitalism advocate increase in productivity as the greatest advantage of this economic system which results in the economic growth of the society and thus the living standard of each and every individual is improved because resources are utilized to their fullest. Moreover the competition in a free market economy improves the quality of the product which is being produced. However, in the early days with the absence of labor laws and human rights protection agencies capitalism resulted in the exploitation of the labor class by the elite and the promises of better living conditions and improved quality could not be realized. The desire of the capitalists to maximize profits makes the economy money-oriented which promotes a materialistic approach of running the economy. This approach made capitalism very unpopular among the lower classes of the society in the 19th and 20th centuries and thus the new systems of economics like socialism and communism were adopte d as new social ideologies. During the later part of the 20th century, labor laws were formulated and made strong and human rights charters were adopted which greatly improved the state of affairs of the working class in capitalism. The development of these laws and some other laws related to trade and free market economy has helped capitalism to emerge as the strongest and the most-practiced system of economy and a new

Presentation of War in Literature | The Man He Killed and Dulce Er Decorum Est

Presentation of War in Literature | The Man He Killed and Dulce Er Decorum Est The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), and Dulce et Decorum est, by Wilfred Owen explore the theme of war, they both take similar views on life during and after the treacherous times that war created, and its lasting effects. However, the poets choose to display these feelings through their poetry in different ways. In Hardys poem, the poet adopts the person of a war veteran in the Boer war. The poem is about his actions in this war and their lasting effects. In Dulce Decorum est, the poet prefers to take a step back, he is not as directly involved as Hardy, yet he continues to get his message across very effectively by describing the horrors he witnessed. Though the poems were written in different wars the messages they portray are very similar as the poems do not divulge into the actual wars they were based on, but, instead on the inner dynamics of war on a whole. Wilfred Owen is known as being one of the most famous poets of the First World War. He wrote Dulce et Decorum Est while he served as a soldier in the appalling conditions of the trenches. Dulce et Decorum Est gives a distressing account of the futility of war, generated from his own personal experiences. It was composed during the summer of 1917 when Owen wrote a series of poems about the war. The preface to this collection was My subject is War, and the pity of War. This shows Owens view to war and his purpose for writing the poems was to show the disgusting horror that war created to an ill-informed and uneducated audience back at home in England. Though the war made Owen famous it ultimately led to his demise a year later. The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy was written to express Hardys beliefs. Hardy felt that war was inhuman, he despised the heartlessness atrocity between men. The poem is specifically addressed to the Boer War, which Hardy was passionately against. The poem may seem very simple at first but in fact it is a very skilful one, it is hampered with irony and Hardy makes interesting use of colloquialism (writing in a conversational style). Hardy titled the poem The Man He Killed, in the third person. However, the poem is narrated in the first person. The person in the poem, the he in the title and I in the poem, is clearly a soldier of the Boer war attempting to explain and perhaps clarify the reasons to kill another man in battle. The short lines, simple rhyme scheme, and colloquial language make the poem almost like pleasant nursery rhyme as it is so simple and easy to read, however, this is an ironic contrast to its less than pleasant subject. In Dulce et decorum est, Owen is showing how the press and public at home were comforting themselves in the belief that all the young men dying in the war were dying noble, heroic deaths. Owen on the other hand, shows how the reality was quite different; the young men were dieing horrible and obscene deaths in the trenches. I believe that Owen wanted to open the eyes of the reader to what was really going on in the war to illustrate how vile and inhumane war really is. The first line sets the tone for the rest of the poem Bent double, like old beggars under sacks. He uses the simile like old beggars to show how the average soldier was not being treated nobly or with respect but like someone the lowest class (a beggar). It also shows how the young, vibrant boys who signed up had the life taken out of them by the war and were becoming old well before it was their time. This put the reader in the right frame of mind about the war, it casts out any false pretences they had about the war and opens their eyes to the inhumane truth war created. He uses bitter imagery like coughing like hags and But limped on, blood shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue to show how these apparent youthful and strong men had been broken by the war and become prematurely old and weakened. Owen takes pity on these tired and weary soldiers as he describes them in the most unglamorous, inglorious manner. Similarly, in The Man He Killed, Hardy also banishes a common misconception about war, that killing a man was a dignified and noble thing to do. In the first stanza Hardy establishes that things could have been different in more favourable circumstances between him and his foe: Had he and I but met they could have had a drink together By some old ancient inn. However, in the second stanza, Hardy shows the true circumstances in which they did meet, which is in stark contrast to the first stanza. Ranged as infantry Hardy once again reemphasises the point that the men are not natural foes but have been ranged, which means that they have been set against each other by someone elses decision. The phrase as he at me indicates they are both in similar situations. This tells the reader how your foe may have been your friend in indifferent circumstances but because someone higher has said they are your enemy means you must kill them, in essence you must banish your own moral and personal view s on the person you are about to kill because someone has told you, falsely, it is your duty to kill them. Like Owen, Hardy takes pity on the soldiers, as it is not their fault, as he shows it is kill or be killed in war. In The Man He Killed, Hardy also exhibits the dark side of man, especially his capacity for violence and cruelty. He does this in the last stanza where concludes with a repetition of the contrast between his treatment of the man he killed and how he might have shared hospitality with him in other circumstances, Youd treat, if met where any bar is, or even been ready to extend charity to him Or help to half a crown. Before this he says that war is quaint and curious, as if to say war was is bit of a harmless puzzle. This may give the impression that war is undamaging and acceptable, but as the reader now knows from the events described in the poem and the knowledge he already has of war, make it clear that Hardy applies this phrase quaint and curious with great irony, knowing full well that this statement is far from the truth. It forces the reader, through Hardys irony, to divulge deeper into the ethics behind war and the brutality and inhumanity it creates, and to consider how human s are often victims of sheer circumstance and fate, which has lead them to take another persons life. Hardy has very cleverly through colloquial language and simple statements, made the reader think as though they have made a judgment of whether war is right or wrong on their own, when really Hardy has inconspicuously made that decision for them. Furthermore, Owen also shows how war has changed man into a killing beast. He concentrates on the use of mustard gas, a new devastating weapon used in the First World war. If inhaled without the protection of a mask, the gas quickly burns away the lining of the respiratory system. Owen shows this as he compares the soldier who has breathed in the toxic fumes with a man consumed in fire or lime. When you have breathed in the fumes, it is of often compared with drowning, as mustard gas effectively drowns people in the blood from their own lung tissues. Owen then skilfully uses a metaphor to tie into the drowning theme as he says As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. This was because Mustard gas had a green colour, he calls it a sea to show how it was impossible to get away from. Owen continues this aquatic theme as he views this floundring man as if through an underwater mask, Dim through the misty panes. This gives the impression that Owen was unable to fully access the situation through his gas mask, there is also a helplessness felt by Owen as there is nothing he can do, which adds to the surreal and nightmarish atmosphere of the poem, in all my dreams, before my helpless sight. This dream then becomes a harsh reality as the guttering, choking soldier plunges at the helpless speaker, seeking help, in an effort to escape his inevitable death, Owen uses triple emphasis to engrave this astringent image in the readers head. Owen can do nothing for the man; there is still a feeling of responsibility and guilt. This vivid imagery creates a bleak image in the readers mind, Owen is trying to make them question whether the suffering and torture created by war is really worth it. His despair at war and the loss of morals it results in are shown in phrase sores on innocent tongues, as Owen realizes that this soldier, though he is fighting in a war, is innocent and there was no reason for him to die in this way. Owen then uses alliteration to further emphasize the inh umanities man does to man by describing the soldiers slow death, he repeats initial consonant sounds in closely related words wagon, watch, white, writhing. Owen then continues to use bitter imagery combined with similes such as, Like a devils sick of sin to describe the soldiers dying face. This exceptionally dramatic imagery creates a lasting and distressing impression on the reader, as Owen reveals the true horrors that go on during times of war. In The Man He Killed, Hardy illustrates that the reason for killing a man because they are your foe is not good enough. This is shown in the third stanza. The colloquial style Hardy uses enables him to repeat the word because, when he is trying to justify the reason for killing the man, implying hesitation, and therefore doubt as he doesnt know why he killed him. He uses repetition of my foe and the of course this also shows that there is an element of doubt as the speaker tries to convince himself of his justification for the killing. Hardy has already made it clear that the men fighting each other because of an artificial hostility created by others. He adds at the end of the stanza Thats clear enough which is obviously ironic, as the reason for killing is far from clear to the reader because of the reasons above. The last word of the stanza although ultimately destroys the whole entire believability of the reason he has just given. I believe the main point of this poem is to show that there is never a good enough reason to kill another man. Hardy shows this through illustrating how these men would have been friends if they had met under different circumstances yet because someone has said they were there enemy this was a good enough reason to take the other persons life, thus showing how war is a pointless and frivolous act. On the other hand, in Dulce et Decorum est, Owen in not against the reasons why soldiers are killing each other but the fact that these young, innocent and possibly naive men were signing up based on the belief that it is sweet and fitting to die for your country (which is Dulce et decorum est the title of the poem in Latin). At the end of the last stanza, Owen sums up the poem. Owen speaks directly to reader calling the reader my friend, this draws the reader into the poem. He says you would not tell with such high zest, to say directly to the reader that if they had witnessed the horror that he had witnessed then the readers attitude towards the war would change. Therefore, the reader would not repeat patriotic slogans to make people sign up, To children ardent for some desperate glory. The title of the poem Dulce et decorum est is used with a certain sense of irony as the poem is all about how it is not sweet and fitting to die for your country. However, Owen abandons this irony a nd just says The old Lie, showing how more soldiers will die in the circumstances of the fallen soldier in this poem, if the reader continues to spread that lie to young men who have been blinded by this sense of patriotic duty to their country. The final line brings about the full chilling effect of the poem Pro patria mori: to die for ones country. Owen shows how people are signing up to the war on lies like Dulce et decorum est, however, this is far from the truth as nobody deserves to suffer the fate of the fallen soldier in the poem for their country. Within Dulce et Decorum Est the poet utilises a variety of powerful poetic devices in order to depict death in war as a brutal and horrifying experience. It is through the use of this simile that the poet arouses the sympathy of the responder as they witness the grotesque nature of such a death. In Dulce et Decorum est Owen masterfully uses a variety of potent poetic devices to depict the horrifying nature of death in a war to stimulate a response from the reader. He uses metaphors and similes to provoke sympathy for the people who were dying in the war, as the reader witnesses the grotesque death of the soldier who died in the poem. By doing this Owen portrays his message in a very bold and tasteful way. In The Man He Killed Hardy uses a colloquial style of writing combined with an ABAB rhyme scheme, this makes the poem very easy to read and long lasting. Hardy uses slang to get the reader involved in the poem, this allows Hardy to make a strong point in highlighting the irony behind how war can turn friend into foe simply by association and sway the reader against war. Both poems are against war and the reasons and ethics behind them. Though Hardy uses a more direct approach to get his point across, both poems successfully complete the objective that the poets had for them , which was to open the readers eyes to the true reality of war.

Re-engineering the Corporation by Michael Hammer and James Champy Essay

Re-engineering the Corporation by Michael Hammer and James Champy Michael Hammer and James Champy became the uncontested "experts" to the corporate world for their blueprint of re-engineering. Why? What magical formula did these two individuals profess would make America great again? This essay will take a critical look at Hammer and Champy's book, Re-engineering the Corporation. Does this book have merit? Is it based on sound principles? It does not matter whether you agree or not, it only matters that you consider all the viewpoints.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Moreover, image becomes all-important in competition, not only through name-brand recognition but also because of various associations of 'respectability,' 'quality,' 'prestige,' 'reliability,' and 'innovation.' Competition in the image-building trade becomes a vital aspect of inter-firm competition. †¦" (David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: 1989 page 288) What image did Hammer and Champy paint with their book? Let's begin with the title, "Reengineering the Corporation A Manifesto for Business Revolution". It is my contention that they [Hammer and Champy] wrote this book to profit on their knowledge and as such used a title that would embrace both the employer [Reengineering the Corporation] and the worker [A Manifesto for Business Revolution]. While both the employer and worker are concerned with the never-ending battle of "power and control" in the workplace, the employer also strives for greater profits [private company] or in a public sector are na, providing services more efficiently. The worker on the other hand is concerned with compensation [wages and benefits], job security, health and safety and advancement within the organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However it is not only the title that is attractive to the Employer. The book cover has been designed to legitimize Hammer and Champy. Who would not want to read a book that was a "National Bestseller" printed by "HarperBusiness Essentials"? Furthermore, Peter Drucker [respected in the business world] has provided positive reinforcement that this is "An important book that describes the principles behind a new [my emphasis] and systematic [my emphasis] approach to structuring [my emphasis] and managing [my emphasis] work." (Hammer /Champy: 2001) As well, the back cover not only provides the necessary kudos for Hammer and Champy, it also hints to the unspeakable ... ...roach suggests that what is necessary is to reinterpret the current status and to accept that the subordinates are already powerful, rather than attempt to reverse what already exists."(IDRL 317: Book of Readings 2005 pg. 56) It would be narrow-minded to state that Hammer and Champy only became the "gurus" for reengineering because of image, however, their approach to the new work organization is neither new nor the only model to choose from. New technology has opened the floodgates for a more flexible and diverse workforce. Globalization has become the driving force behind the need for corporations to reengineer. Hammer and Champy did not have a magical formula but they were the first individuals to put common sense to paper. It is something to think about when considering reengineering. References: Reengineering the Organization, Study Guide, IDRL 317, 2005, Athabasca University Grint, Keith Reengineering History: Social Resonances and Business Process Reengineering, IDRL 317 Book of Readings 2005 Athabasca University Hammer M., Champy J. Reengineering the Corporation, HarperBusiness Essentials, 2001 Harvey D., The Condition of Postmodernity, Blackwell, 1989