The market allocates resources

The market designates assets Presentation The market designates assets effectively by the value framework. The undetectable hand of Adam Smith is an arrangement of costs, which will advance the makers and shoppers settling on their own choice. Buyers settle on buy choices based on utility amplification while makers settle on promoting choices as indicated by the standard of benefit expansion. In view of the adjustments in costs, the business sectors control assets toward the most effective parts of designation among flexibly and request. Chandler (1977) introduced that the undertakings inside organization and coordination as the obvious hand was supplanting the noticeable hand of market instruments. With the ascent of current business venture and its administrators, the enormous present day endeavor was step by step supplanted the little customary family firm and was assuming control over the coordination capacity of economy exercises and asset distributions, just as its supervisory group were turning into the most persuasive gathering of financial chiefs. As a matter of fact, the obvious hand isn't a disavowal of the noticeable hand. The impact of both undetectable hand and obvious hand is contingent. Hence, the obvious hand was not totally supplanting the noticeable hand; it was a sort of supplement and advancement of the imperceptible hand from the point of view of managerial coordination. How viable the market dispenses assets For advertise, the value framework is the planning gadget that deals with designation. Value, which sets balance between the shoppers expectations and the makers gracefully, is accomplished through connection in the market. The procedure of market association is the thing that we call the undetectable hand. Request and gracefully influence the market association. On one hand, customers interest for an item relies upon its cost to a huge degree. The absolute interest will go up if the cost goes down. This is the standard of interest. Then again, the absolute flexibly of products is additionally dictated by its cost. The all out gracefully will go up if the cost goes up. This is the law of gracefully. Figure 1 shows that when an item oversupply and the cost will drop, unexpectedly, it will invigorate utilization, with the goal that expansion the interest. In addition, it will restrain the creation, thus lessen the flexibly. Market harmony happens when the flexibly bend and request bend meet. The gathering purpose of flexibly and request should be accomplished through value modifications. As of now, assets will be designated in an assortment of purposes through cost. The market will out of harmony regardless of flexibly overabundance request or request invade gracefully. The cost will at that point be balanced until harmony returns. Be that as it may, the undetectable hand isn't a panacea. All things considered, the market has its impediment in apportioning assets. The undetectable hand of market can be viably just in the totally serious market. Open merchandise, externality, imposing business model, showcase control slack, just as the lopsided data may prompt the turmoil and disarray of the market economy. For instance, as per insights from Sina Finance, there were 80 major retail establishments in 2005 in Beijing. A Beijing people normal buying power was 33% of a people purchasing power in Tokyo, while the quantity of huge shopping centers was multiple times more prominent than it in Tokyo. This Phenomenon made a general decrease in retail chains monetary advantages, in this manner shopping centers shut down consistently. It shows that market has a specific level of visual deficiency and the market instrument doesn't generally accomplish their optimal state. The administration was influencing the economy as a Visible Hand Chandler represented the Visible hand of the board, which was playing an ever-expanding key job in the assignment of assets. Today, the organizations are not the little workshops any longer in the hour of Adam Smith. Present day business endeavors were supplanting little customary undertakings. Some of them can be as rich as a nation, which have incredible forces to legitimately influence national economy and even legislative issues; also, they may sound good to the connections between nations too. The companys the board was playing a noteworthy effect on the distribution of assets. Chandler demonstrates that before the ascent of the cutting edge endeavor, the little by and by claimed and oversaw firm was a solitary join firm, which charges a solitary financial capacity and working a solitary product offering in one area. In this manner the exercises of these little customary ventures were facilitated and constrained by market and value framework. Interestingly, the vast majority of the cutting edge business venture is multi-unit endeavor, which has its own regulatory office, handles different kinds of items and benefits and works assorted sorts of financial exercises in various regions. In this way the action of these joins together and exchanges between them were disguised. They were facilitated and constrained by salaried directors as opposed to advertise instruments. As certain suggestions which Chandler referenced in The Visible Hand (1977), can give that the obvious hand of the executives coordination was supplanting the undetectable hand of market components. Clench hand of all, little customary business will supplanted by present day multiunit business when managerial coordination permitted lower costs, more prominent efficiency, and higher benefits than coordination by showcase instruments. Current undertakings interiorized the exchanges, which executed between some specialty units previously. This disguise may diminish exchange expenses and data costs, improve profitability, give an increasingly steady income and along these lines lessen expenses to improved benefits. Also, just by shaping a formal administrative chain of command can the upsides of the inside exercises of numerous specialty units be made. In present day business endeavors, center supervisors control and organize the creation and circulation in the organization. In the interim, top directors are not just assess and organize with the middle of the road chiefs, yet in addition traded the market for future creation and appropriation of asset portion. Thirdly, the administration framework advances the companys specialization and maintainable turn of events. Most of the conventional undertakings are associations and family firms, which were in every case fleeting. Interestingly, the executives order permits the elements of organization be kept up even the staff turnover and makes the salaried chiefs getting progressively proficient through different proper trainings. The administrative power and responsibility for can be isolated when the business scale and the extent of operational assorted variety of business created to a specific level, in the mean time the director become increasingly proficient From the perspective of Chandler, to oversee and organize this noticeable hands, contrasted with the undetectable hands, couldn't just bring immense efficiency and benefits, yet in addition upgrade the intensity of capital. Hence, it could to a great extent advance the profitability and utilization which brought about by the unrest of association the executives. That is the thing that called the upheaval of business venture the executives It can't be denied that the obvious hand has become an increasingly more urgent job in the contemporary economy, yet there are still a few imperfections in the perspective on Chandlers noticeable hand. As a matter of first importance, Chandlers over-commendation of the official of partnership is simply halfway sounding good somewhat. Supervisors may conceal different degrees of advantage and expected slyness, for example, the Enron outrage, just as lucrative CEO embarrassment. Also, Chandlers comprehension of enormous venture isn't completely exact. Endeavors are extending for huge ventures, in light of the fact that there is an advantage explicitness. Endeavors extending the scale don't imply that it is sufficiently skilled to develop its quality. Take the American butcher Gustavus in nineteenth century for instance, he maintain a train transport business and cooler industrial facility since it was the most ideal way that he could control the quality and effectiveness of meat-pressi ng. He stressed over that he would be plot stealthily by his rival if purchasing transport administrations and coolers from others. It is clearly that inward administration of enormous undertaking would not substitute the administrative activity of market, the obvious hand would assume a job just on account of the board system can deliver more noteworthy profitability than the market component and interior coordination costs are less expensive than the market exchange costs. To summarize, the market allots assets proficiently by making harmony among request and flexibly through the value framework, while the obvious hand arranges and distributes assets by the executives. Each blade has its different sides. Both the undetectable hand and the noticeable hand have their quality and shortcoming. The obvious hand can not absolutely supplant the noticeable hand, while the noticeable hand is the enhancement and advancement of the undetectable hand from the part of the board coordination. They supplement each other to guarantee the portion of asset prepared effectively. References: Alfred D., Jr. Chandler (1977) The Visible Hand The Managerial Revolution in American Business Massachusetts and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. P.1-4, P6-9 Eitan Goldman Gary Gorton (2000 ) The Visible Hand, The Invisible Hand And Efficiency. National Bureau of Economic Research. JEL NO.D21, G30 Economypedia [online]. [Accessed 1th December 2009]. Accessible from World Wide Web : Economypedia [online]. [Accessed 1th December 2009]. Accessible from World Wide Web : Jintang Wang Wenfan Zhong (1995) Modern American enormous undertaking and American culture. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press. P3-5 Wikipedia [online]. [Accessed 1th December 2009]. Accessible from World Wide Web : Wikipedia [online]. [Accessed 1th December 2009]. Accessible from World Wide Web : Sean, Douma Hein, Schreuder (2008) Economic Approaches to Organizations Essex: Pearson Education. P.3-

Laissez-Faire Essays (2049 words) - Standard Oil, Free Essays

Free enterprise Essays (2049 words) - Standard Oil, Free Essays Free enterprise The American Civil War blurs away. It currently gives the idea that another social turmoil has flourished in America. Be that as it may, the discussion was to be battled in the monetary world. The inquiry was, by what method ought to the government connect with business? The issue parts into two fundamental perspectives, that of Laissez-faire, and that of General Welfare. Free enterprise is a fairly straight-forward way of thinking. It tends to be ideal portrayed by saying that the administration ought to have definitely no cooperation inside the business world. These scholars believe that the legislatures sole intention is to ensure life and property, and that the job of government should end there. The tree of Laissez-faire has numerous branches, two of which are traditional financial matters and Social Darwinism. Adherents to traditional financial matters base the majority of their way of thinking on mercantilism and its belongings. They have almost certainly that administration collaboration with the business world is awkward, and can just damage financial development. Social Darwinism was a mainstream conviction. It developed from investigations of Charles Darwin, and his distribution, The Origin of Species. Charles Darwin contended that species had not been made, yet had advanced. Be that as it may, in particular to the reasoning of Social Darwinism, Darwin hypothesized that development happens by natural selection. It was that thought in s! urvival of the fittest that turned into the spine for Social Darwinists. The Social Darwinists accepted that the association of government in business meddled with the characteristic determination of those that were most appropriate to survive.(Lesson14 74) On the opposite side of the issue was the general government assistance state. The way of thinking of the general government assistance state, called the Social Gospel, was supported to some extent by Christians in the United States. They accepted that singularity had gone excessively far what's more, that it was vital for government inclusion. Expanded urbanization and industrialization likewise prompted the faith in the general government assistance state. It was the assessment of these masterminds that free enterprise was not the response to the issues of economics.(Lesson14 74) Laissez-faire may have been a critical advance in the development of financial matters to numerous individuals, yet there were likewise numerous quiet dangers that it conveyed. Without government assurance, large business can misuse the numerous individuals that make it work. Such abuse could be achieved in low wages and poor working conditions, long working hours, and numerous others. Many accepted that administration assurance was expected to protect reasonable rivalry and elevated requirements of profound quality. During the 1860s oil turned out to be increasingly more basic as a regular thing. Its interest developed significantly. The primary use around then for oil was lamp oil. Lamp oil was utilized in a few different ways, despite the fact that its most well known use was in lights. Unrefined petroleum needs to be refined to deliver items, for example, Kerosene. Pennsylvania was the principle area that oil refining was done during the 1860s, however times were evolving. The Lake Shore Railroad helped Cleveland become one of the new communities for oil refining. Clearly the railways were priceless to the oil business. In the new refining city of Cleveland, Ohio, another refining organization was made. This organization was the Standard Oil Company, claimed fundamentally by John D. Rockefeller.(Lesson16 95) John D. Rockefeller is a legend of the business world. He began a moderately little petroleum treatment facility in Cleveland, Ohio in 1870. In only two years, it developed into a colossal restraining infrastructure, delivering ninety percent of the countries refined oil (Chapter4 15). His business morals have been fervently discussed as a result of numerous evident refunds and different plans. The Standard Oil Companys achievement can be ascribed to Rockefellers business bent. Beside his incredible business characteristics, the Standard Oil Companys accomplishment in the oil business is a direct result of the mystery unlawful discounts by the railways. A refund in the railroad business is a decrease in transportation charges in return for guaranteed utilization of the railways administrations. These discounts were realized through the South Improvement Company, which was set up in 1872 (Lesson16 96). The South Improvement Company was planned with one crucial, wreck all opposition to the Standard Oil Company, and different organizations that were some portion of the South Improvement Company. It was begun by a few enormous organizations, including the Standard Oil Company. Rockefeller is accounted for to have met with other oil organizations and let them know that on the off chance that they don't join the South Improvement Company, they will be cleared bankrupt due to the lower transporting rates given toward the South Improvement Company (Lesson16 96). In the long run the open

Home sweet violet capital of Ohio

Home sweet violet capital of Ohio I havent really done much exciting this break I havent taken a trip to Rome or Sweden, and Im not going anywhere like Chocolate World. (Im having a hard enough time convincing Adam to go on a post-graduation trip to the Bahamas hes been raised in a hard-core ski family, and has trouble understanding what one does on a vacation to the beach.) No, Adam and I landed ourselves an all-expenses-paid vacation to Pickerington, Ohio, which as you may or may not know is the violet capital of Ohio. True story. We arrived here yesterday afternoon (its always comforting to travel with an MIT airplane-scientist-in-training Im kind of scared of flying, and Adam always tells me stories about the tolerances of turbine engines to make me feel better), and since then have eaten Chipotle burritos (Im pretty sure they must have crack in them so good. So addictive), Mongolian barbeque (also possibly addictive), and frozen custard (surprisingly delicious). Im not sure what were going to eat tomorrow, but rest assured that you cant find it in Boston. We made a trip today to my favorite place in all of Columbus, the Columbus Zoo. I hadnt been there in almost two years, which is probably some sort of life record for me Ive loved going to the zoo since before I can remember, and if I couldnt be a scientist Id want to be a zookeeper. We spent about an hour and a half to two hours today looking at the various primate exhibits (gorillas, siamangs, colobus monkeys, drills, and bonobos). This probably would drive most people out of their skulls with boredom, but Im a neuroscientist, and nonhuman primates are my favorite kinds of animal. (Maybe even more favorite than H. sapiens.) Tomorrow Im making a trip to my old high school to visit the AP Biology class and talk to them about my research/careers in science, then visiting my moms class (shes a fifth-grade teacher in the district) for Adam to teach them how to fly model airplanes. In the evening, Im meeting up with my best friend from high school and were going to watch the high school musical (apres nous le deuge, of course!). I havent been back to Pickerington while school was in session in three years, so its nice to be able to do all the town-y stuff. I will note here that Adam was supposed to write an entry about his UROP tonight, but he got caught up in a few episodes of MythBusters and begged out. So you can yell at him for me. Questions answered: 1. Shen asked Im pretty interested in UROP and I noticed on their website there are two options of being paid. Could you discuss the differences? Shen is quite correct, there are two ways to get cold hard cash (well, really direct deposit into your bank account but you know) from a UROP. First, you could get paid through the UROP office they provide fellowships for students doing research. To get this funding, youll have to write a short proposal describing your research, get some paperwork signed by your UROP advisor and by your departments UROP administrator, and turn it all in by a deadline. This is how many students at MIT get funding for their research; in my mind, it has two major problems: first, you have to write a proposal, and second, the fellowships are somewhat competitive. I have heard that they favor first-time UROPs, though. If you get funded through the UROP office, you will be paid at UROP minimum wage ($9.00/hr). The second way to be funded is through your supervisors research funds. As I discussed last time, he who has the gold makes the rules, and many of the investigators at MIT are very famous and therefore have a great deal of gold. ;) You dont have to spend time writing a proposal, and although youll be paid at least UROP minimum wage, many students are paid more than that. (I get $10.00/hr because Im funded through Morgans RIKEN grant, as you can see from this random Japanese press release that I found while googling myself. Kind of weird.) Most UROPs at MIT are funded through supervisor funding. 2. Dan Simonson asked if my project is my baby, who is the father. I could at this point make some crack about parthenogenesis, or I could choose to take the sketchy route and name either my postdoc, Albert, or my faculty supervisor, Morgan. I am undecided as to where to go. 3. Jay asked Great entry. regarding the UROPs, is that the case for only the sciences, or is the same with engineering too? I always had this idea tht all one needed to do was to make a casual remark in the hallway to a professor and he or she would just throw money at you. Imagine Me, Hey Professor (insert name here) I was thinking about building a gold-plated hydrogen super car, how about it? Professor, That sounds great! Im short on cash right now, but here is a million dollars to start with. Remember to come back for more! Me, Thanks Professor (insert name here)! You are the best! Generally, I think UROPs are brought in on established projects in engineering as well, but I get the feeling that engineering UROPs get a lot more latitude with regard to their projects sometimes. Adam, for instance, goes in and gets told Design something that does x, and so thats what he does. And if he says, I designed this thing that does x better than the last thing you designed, then everybodys happy. I also get the distinct impression that my friend Ethan 05 went up to a professor who had taught a class hed taken and basically said Hi, Id like to work on fuel cells, and she kind of let him go to town. So in summary, as a scientist, I find engineering UROPs puzzling. 4. Adnan asked I was wondering whether you could better explain the presentation aspect of your research. You mention a PowerPoint presentation to the lab professor, how often do you present and what format do you present in? Also, you said that youll get to write the first draft of the paper if you complete the work in time, how hard is it to write the research paper? How long does it take? When I meet with Morgan, I go into his office with my postdoc Albert and Alberts lab tech Cliff. Cliff and I each get a chance to present the data weve obtained over the past month or so, and Albert steps in to help us if we get fuzzled. At that point, we also discuss the experiments were planning to do, and Morgan asks us questions about the experiments (did you try this control, were you thinking of using this assay). We also have to present any information weve learned from reading the biomedical literature. I dont meet with Morgan as often as Cliff and Albert do, because Im not in the lab each time they schedule to meet with him. Some UROPs also give lab meeting, which is a powerpoint presentation given to the entire lab group and lasting significantly longer (an hour to an hour and a half); Ive never given lab meeting. Im not sure how long it will take to write the research paper the depth in which a paper covers a hypothesis/set of experiments/conclusion depends on what sort of journal the paper is intended to be published in, and we havent really thought about where wed like to send the paper when its written. In 7.02 we wrote a research paper over the course of an entire semester (in pieces), and mine ended up being 15 pages long. If my paper covering the proteins ends up being that long, I suppose I could write it in a few weeks of serious work. Of course, the really long and hard part is doing the experiments!

Film Analysis The Film The Help - 953 Words

The Cinema Help to Overturn Cultural Politics Issues in American Society. Abstract: This assay compares and contrasts mass culture film â€Å"The Help† debuted in 2011, directed by Tate Taylor, set in Jackson Mississippi in the 1960s. The Help represents various characters. However, characters to be analyzed in this film are: Celia Foot, Minny Jackson, and Hilly. In Contrast to The Help, is the feminist text â€Å"The Color Purple† directed by Steven Spielberg, released in 1985, set in 1900’s in the deep south of United States. In The Color Purple feminist came into existence ,because America likes to portray itself as a free country, when its history has been fill or saturate with oppression in many areas including gender ,race class, sexuality age, education ,and ,ability. However, Shug Avery, Sofia, and Celie Johnson characters from this film have the power to influence cultural politics in America society. This power of feminism serves as an ideal medium or standard in, which to bring to light these long standing issues of inequality, an d ways in which this problems overlaps in terms of a concept of intersectionality within African American community, versus their white counter part. In my essay I will compare and contrast the representation of race, gender roles, and sexuality, as depicted in The Help and The Color Purple films. African American women during the 1960’s faced various intersecting factors within their culture, and the main stream. These intersecting systemsShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis Of The Help 1474 Words   |  6 PagesFilm Analysis Psychology 280 Film Analysis of The Help Based off of Kathryn Stockett’s 2009 novel, The Help is a movie told from an African American’s point of view during the early 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi. The three main characters include, Aibileen Clark, Minny Jackson, and Eugenia (Skeeter) Phelan. 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That included having an opportunity in employment, voting rights, having access to public facilities, education andRead MoreArundel Partners Case Analysis Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pages----------------------------------- spootyhead Apr 17, 2007 Arundel Partners Case Analysis ----------------------------------- Arundel Partners Case Analysis Executive Summary: A group of investors (Arundel group) is looking into the idea of purchasing the sequel rights associated with films produced by one or more major movie studios. Movie rights are to be purchased prior to films being made. Arundel wants to come up with a decision to either purchase all the sequel rights forRead MoreA Project Review : Cometic View Of Society714 Words   |  3 Pagestaking notes. This step will help me answer the research questions. I have prepared for this project by reading all of the requirements for each part of this project. 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Lncrna Dysregulation Essay - 780 Words

Rationale: Our observations in both human neuroblastoma and mouse heart systems advocated that differentially expressed lncRNAs are a new approach for functional enhancer identification, a complementary approach to epigenetic enhancer marks (Figs 5B3, 4B). Here, the fundamental question to ask is the regulatory circuitries impacted by lncRNA dysregulation that cooperate with other epigenetic regulators. DNA methylation, histone modification, their alterations and cross-talk have been profoundly described in human cancers to regulate protein-coding gene expression (12, 16, 60). However, a systematic understanding the epigenetic regulatory circuitries in terms of lncRNA expression is yet incomplete. We will fill this fundamental knowledge†¦show more content†¦The lncRNAs transcripts will be given by the defined reference noncoding genome (Aim 1.1). An effect size of differential lncRNA transcript methylation (M_i) will be calculated for reference region i, similar as in Formul a 2. Third, we will correct the above two effect sizes of MBD by deducting the false positives, which will be estimated from a comparison between risk-groups using input sequencing rather than the MDB sequencing for the same cohort (52). Forth, we will fit the effect size of gene expression by the co-impact of distal enhancer regulation (ÃŽ ², Aim 1.1), MBD changes at lncRNAs (Mi), and MBD changes at promoters (Mg) by multiscale network analyses that we have achieved success (9, 20). Specifically, the risk-dependent enhancer-promoter interactions will be assessed by chromosome conformation capture in human brain tissue (GSE77565) (33). Our unique â€Å"soft-threshold† strategy and PGNet approach will be applied to discover common oncogenic signatures among multidimensional measures and provide a solution to the difficult question of the depth of the comparison of multidimensional data. Aim 1.3 – Determine and evaluate the oncogenic lncRNA landscape with validated activity in the neural tube. Rationale: Enhancer function is tissue- and disease stage-specific, thus a proper independent validation is essential. The neural tube is a tissue raises neuroblastoma with hundreds of enhancers whose activity in vivo validated (31). The advantage of

Polymer Chains Free Essays

Name: Jeff Chudakoff Partners: Alejandra Garcia Date: 2 December 2011 TA: Mengbin Chen Skill Building Exercise #2 Answer the following questions: 1. What does it mean when a polymer is crosslinked? Crosslinked is one manner in which monomers link together. In this method, separate polymer chains are connected via bonds between the individual polymer chains. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymer Chains or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. We discussed how polymer linking and structure contribute to its properties. How would you expect the density, elasticity, and rigidity of a polymer that is branched to compare to one that is linear? I would expect the density of the linear polymer to be much higher than the density of the branched polymer, which I would expect to have low density. The branched structure, though, would be more elastic than the linear structure. The linear polymer would be expected to have more rigidity than the branched structure. 3. Consider the following polymer: a. Identify and draw the chemical formula of the monomer from which this polymer is made of. Clearly explain the criteria you used to identify the monomer. State how many carbons, oxygens, and hydrogens can be found in one monomer of this polymer. This is the monomer. C2H4O) In this monomer there are two carbons, four hydrogens, and one oxygen. I identified this as the monomer by looking for the repeating component of the polymer. b. This polymer is hydrophilic. Give a plausible reason for this behavior. Your explanation should be based on the molecular structure of the polymer, the molecular structure of water, and the interactions be tween molecules of these two substances. You should use terms such as polarity, polar bond, charge, interactions, attractions, repulsions or hydrogen bonds. However, you should use only those terms that apply to this situation. The polymer is surrounded by hydrogens via hydrogen bonds between the hydrogens and the carbons. This is a polar bond, resulting in hydrogen being relatively positively charged. Water molecules are also polar molecules. The oxygen has a relatively negative charge and, thus, would interact with the polymer. There would be attraction between the oxygen of the water and the hydrogens of the polymer, characterizing a hydrophilic property of the polymer. 4. Nylons are named with two numbers. c. What do the 6 and 10 represent in the name of your product? The 6 and 10 represent the number of carbons in the two polymer chains that are connected to construct the nylon. The first chain [N(CH2)6N] has six carbons, while the second [C(CH2)8C] has ten carbons. d. Draw the structure of nylon 5-12. 5. We did not calculate the percent yield for our nylon synthesis because we did not have time to fully dry the product, but it is an important aspect of synthesis. Another difficulty is that the polymer chain length can be variable, so the molecular weight of the monomer is used. e. Assume you began with exactly 20. 00 mL of each reactant. What is the limiting reagent? Show your work. 20. 00mL ? 1L1000mL ? 0. 5mol1L=0. 01mol Hexamethylenediamine 20. 00mL ? 1L1000mL ? 0. 2mol1L=0. 004mol Sebacic Acid Since the mole ratio is 1:1, the one with less is the limiting reactant. Therefore, Sebacic Acid is the limiting reactant. f. What is the theoretical yield in grams of Nylon 6-10? The mole ratio is 1:1; so, we would expect to get the same amount of moles as the limiting reactant (0. 004mol) of Nylon 6-10. 0. 004mol Sebacoyl chloride ? 1 mol 6-10 nylon monomer1 mol Sebacoyl chloride? 282. 42g1mol 6-10 nylon monomer=1. 13 grams 6-10 nylon How to cite Polymer Chains, Papers

Annotated Bibliography free essay sample

This article gives a good overview of actual computer crimes and general information and examples such. Information about what is involved in a computer crime and what the laws enforced are all discussed in this article. The Challenge Of White Collar Sentencing. (2007,Spring) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 731(29). Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database Great source of explanation and real examples of how it is tough to keep white collar criminals behind bars and what is being done to fix this problem. Examples of what the author thinks to enforce white collar sentencing are also given. Multilevel Franchise or Pyramid Scheme? (1985, October) Journal of Small Business Management, 54 (5). Retrieved July 1st from Gale Power Search Database The famous pyramid scheme is dissected and shows the ins and outs. This article discusses how legal businesses find loop holes and teeter on the edge of legality. The Fight Against Fraud: A Look At Best Practices Used in the Effort to Defeat Corporate Fraud. I feel as if the male community is lashing out against the women, almost I a way on giving then a taste of their own medicine. Yet in reality I shouldnt be structured as a war of the sexes, but ather an attempt on the part of all sexes, to acknowledge and condemn gender stereotypes. Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. 1972. London, Penguin, 1990. In the book, Ways of Seeing Ch. 7, John Berger tells us that the role of publicity has evolved from oil paintings. Publicity images draw on the visual language of oil paintings, but their purpose is to manufacture glamour. This is due to the fact that the spectator-buyer is always changing, publicity aims to sell us something, and in order to do this it must make the spectator-buyer appear incomplete to his or herself. It must make us think we are in need of something more. The more, is a dream that is created from the spectator-buyer, using the mystique and lure from what publicity has given them of how they can become more derisible, by imposing a false standard of what and what is not desirable. I have a similar opinion to that of Berger. I feel that publicity is not natural, but the product of a culture that defines an individual by what they possess. This idea of identity has been prostituted to a culture that tells an individual that they are no one if they do not buy the life publicized. The interesting point that Berger makes is that publicity never paints the full picture for the consumer. It only provides the tools and a canvas for which to paint. Publicity allows the spectator-buyer, to paint for his or herself of what he or she could be. It is not obscence to suggest that this has become the lifeblood of our publicity promise of transformation. Fowles, Jib. Advertisings 15 Basic Appeals. Mass Advertising as Social Forecast. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 1976. (16-27). Print. In the article, advertisings 15 Basic Appeals written by Jib Fowles, we learn that dvertisements make an attempt to reach out to one or more of our 15 basic emotions as outlined by Fowles. These are the fifteen basic emotional appeals that we as humans need, and if crafted correctly, might result in us engaging in the advertised product. As we learn of these essential needs, we learn that advertisements are not so thoughtless as we may have previously assumed. We learn that it is an art. The emotional appeals made in these advertisements act as the thin end on a wedge, when driven in to our conscious it then allows for the true message o flow in without almost any defense, thus accomplishing its purpose. I completely agree with the claim that Fowles made in his article. Advertisers seek to highlight and ultimately tap into our emotions to use them to persuade us into using the given product. One such emotion that is highlighted is the need for affiliation. Despite the fact that recent statistics have shown that people are doing things on their own more than ever before, the majority of advertisements are linked to this basic and fundamental emotion. This is because, Just as we as a people have an inner desire to chieve things on our own, we also need Just as much if not more than our independence, people to share in our achievements. Fowles does a great Job in highlighting this fact as well as many others in his article based on our 15 basic emotions. Kilbourne, Jean. Bath Tissue Is Like Marriage: The Corruption of Relationships. Cant Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel. New York: Touchstone, 1999. (76-94). Print. In the article, Bath Tissue Is Like Marriage: The Corruption of Relationships, Jean Kilbourne speaks out about how advertisements sink into our deepest needs for love and nurturing, and transfer them onto any given product. In order to accomplish this, advertisers must be able to capture our attention with something that the consumer yearns for, and then make the underlying message about how their product will achieve this goal. We learn that the roles of an advertiser not to care about the potential buyer, but to make the consumer feel as if they are loved. When an advertisement is able to lull us into a false sense of security, then it has ccomplished its Job. Kilbourne concludes with exposing that advertising has come to the point of promising that a product can deliver that which can only be given given by Kilbourne. In her article she sates that that advertisements exist to exploit or very real and inner human desires. As we look at advertisement in any medium, we find out that until we have associated ourselves with a certain product or brand, we are not enough. Whether it be ads replacing human relationships, men dominating women, or even that one cell phone is superior to another, all tug at the need to be n top, and without these products we are found wanting. But the hang up with the promise of accomplishment from a product is that it only last as long as the ads. Every time we turn on the television or the radio, we are exposed to hundreds of ads that dissect everything that is human about us and assigns a product to it. We shall ever be found wanting in the eyes in the world, the only escape is for us to search for what truly matters and stick to it. Wall, David. It Is And It Isnt: Stereotypes, Advertising And Narrative. Journal Of Popular Culture 41. (2008): 1033-1050. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. In the article, It Is And It Isnt: Stereotypes, Advertising And Narrative. by David Wall, is claimed that stereotypes in advertising are still being used because they are still a viable way for advertisers to move a product because of familiarity. A point that Wall makes is that consumers see through the stereotype and the false climas made by advertisers, and the advertisers know this. So what the advertiser does is then play on manipulation of the mixed emotions of desire and anxiety. The product then ecomes, by the consumers own doing, the essence of happiness, freedom, and the channel to an altered paradisiacal reality. I agree with the claims made in this article. Interestingly enough Wall makes the accusation stereotypes will tell us much more about those doing the representing than those being represented(1037). This is interesting because in the rest of the article Wall discusses the fact of stereotyping and the reasons behind it, political, historical, cultural, and so on. But he never really comes back to his very strong comment. I would go a step further with this remark nd say that not only do stereotypes in advertisements reflect what the presenters think about different situation, but what the presenter believes the viewer-consumer believes about different situations. For the viewer not to be overly effected by the stereotypes they are exposed to, they need to learn, what Wall calls the language of analysis. Which is to allow those whom are targeted to see beyond smoke and mirrors of it all and understand stereotype as a form of cultural advertisement for the self that is inseparable from the wider cultural narratives that create it(1049).

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essay Example

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper The poem Cousin Kate is written by Christina Rossetti in the 19th century. The Choosing was written in the 20th century by Liz Lochhead. Both poems are about two girls who are equal, and how with the interference of a man and a decision they go in different directions of life. In Cousin Kate betrayal is the theme, whereas, in The Choosing there is more a sense of envy between the characters. Both poems are similar. They consist of men, marriage, love and women. Cousin Kate is a traditional narrative poem. It has been written in first person, narrated by I using the personal pronoun. I is the victim. The poem is set out in quatrains so it has a regular structure. Each stanza has four lines and the poem also rhymes. The Choosing has an irregular structure and it doesnt rhyme on every stanza. Rhythm is only used to emphasise the important parts of the poem. The structure of both poems can tell us when the poem was written. Both poems also differ from each other. One difference would be the title. The title The Choosing tells us that a decision was made. The is a definite article and Choosing is a verb, which is a doing word. The purpose of a title is to give the reader an idea to what the poem could be about. We will write a custom essay sample on Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has been used to mislead the reader, it gives you false expectations until you meet the point that the title is relating to in the poem. And wonder when the choices got made we dont remember making. This tells us that a choice was made, but I or Mary didnt decide. The choice was made by Marys father, they moved to a different home. This distanced I and Marys friendship so they took different paths of life. The writer has used caesuras to once again emphasise important parts of the poem. The title Cousin Kate is a proper noun because it is a name. In this poem the writer has used oxymoron to contrast both parts of Is life. To lead a shameless shameful life. This oxymoron tells us that Is life is shameless and shameful, she is trying to express the difference of her present life with her past life. Her past life was shameless because she was an ordinary cottage maiden living an ordinary life, until the Lord found her out and filled her heart with care. Her present life is shameful because she has lost her virginity before marriage. In the 19th century this was considered serious. Women were humiliated and thrown out of their homes, it was a shameful life. In Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden along with her cousin Kate. Contented with my cottage mates. This phrase tells us that I was better off in her past life before the Lord interfered. She wasnt mindful, but she was fair. The Lord took advantage of Is beauty. He lured her to his palace home and used her as his plaything. I however, was unable to see the Lords true colours; she may have truly loved the Lord until she found out about his affair with her cousin Kate. He changed me like a glove. This simile has been used to emphasise how easy it was for the Lord to change Is way of thinking. He tricked her into loving him and he used her to make himself look good to the public. When he was satisfied with her, he became bored and then he noticed Kate. I was cast by. This also tells us that the 19th century had a patriarchal society. Men had to be the boss; only men were permitted to have a job. Women were expected to stay home and take care of their children. Only men were allowed to divorce their wives. The neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing. I is disgraced; she is pointed at and humiliated. Nevertheless, she has something the Lord would give lands for; she has the Lords fair-haired son. Her shame, but her pride and a gift that Kate can never give the Lord. In The Choosing I and Mary are equal and young. With the same coloured ribbons in mouse coloured hair. This tells us that they are young because they wear ribbons on their mouse coloured hair. The word mouse is a synonym to a light brown colour. Synonyms are used to include other words with the same meaning. It also tells us that they are equal and normal average girls. Both girls were first equal and equally proud. We curtseyed to the Lady Councillor for copies of Collins Childrens Classics. This tells us that both girls were equally clever. The writer has used an alliteration to slow down the rhythm and make it stand out to show how important education was then. However, I had always felt a bit jealous of Mary. And my terrible fear of her superiority at sums. This tells us that Mary was a little better at Maths than I. This frightened I a little because Mary would become better than her so they would no longer be equal anymore. I felt jealous. The writer has also used and, a conjunction to show Is agony and feelings of envy for Mary. Ten years later on a Saturday- I am coming home from the library. This tells us that there is a change in time, it is the present tense. It also tells us that she wants to learn and get a good job. She has just come back from the library, she may have been studying there, and she is determined not to go back to the old same life. She wants to see the difference and change in an educated life from an ordinary life. In Cousin Kate Kate is described as good and pure. They are positive adjectives because they describe a person in a good way. Kate is described this way because she is still a virgin. I on the other hand is pregnant with the Lords baby. Kate grew fairer than I. The Lord chose Kate while I was cast by. He bound you with his ring. This tells us that the Lord proposed to Kate. The word bound is a verb; the writer has used this verb because she wants to express to the reader that Kate is restricted from her freedom, she is trapped in his clutches, and theres no escape. This tells us that in the 19th century women were controlled by men, and they were only to do as they were told. Your love was writ in sand. This is a metaphor used to explain to the reader that Kates love for the Lord is false. Kate is interested in the Lords money. Her love can wash away like sand. Kate may be good and pure, but under her pretty face lays greed and selfishness. In The Choosing Mary is a quiet character. I dont know exactly why they moved, but anyway they went. Something about a three-apartment and cheaper rent. Rhythm is used in these two phrases because this is where the choice gets made. It has to stand out to enable the reader to notice. This tells us that Marys father may have had financial difficulties or lost his job so they had to move homes. This also tells us that Mary may have had to live her life uneducated because her father couldnt afford it. It is Marys father who makes the decision of their lives. Mary is a simple and ordinary schoolgirl, but she may have been beautiful to find a handsome husband. Sitting near me on the bus, Mary with a husband who is tall, curly haired, has eyes for no one else but Mary. This sentence has a hurenthasis caesura. It plainly states that Marys husband is devoted to her. The adjectives used in this sentence to describe Marys husband tell us that he is a handsome and good-looking man. This makes I feel jealous of Mary when she sees her on the bus. One other thing that makes I feel envious is when she realises that Mary is pregnant. Her arms are round the full-shaped vase that is her body. This is a metaphor that has been used to tell the reader that Mary is pregnant so she is happy and settled in her marriage. This tells us that in the 20th century women were less controlled by men. Men were beginning to take relationships seriously. The Lord in Cousin Kate praised Is flaxen hair to ensure her that he could be trusted. She fell for the Lords words, but her trust was betrayed after the Lord left her for another women. He wore me like a silken knot. This simile tells us that the Lord found it easy to gain Is trust. However, the Lord cannot completely remove I from his life because she has his son. The Lord needs an heir so he would give lands for one. Marys father in The Choosing is in a working class situation. He has been described in a way to make him sound strict. Marys father, mufflered, contrasting strangely with the elegant greyhounds by his side. This tells us that he isnt a very friendly father. He doesnt believe in high-school education especially for girls so he is sexually double standard and very stereotypical about girls. It was because of his decisions Mary and I took different paths of life. In conclusion, both poems are similar because they consist of women and womens role. Both poems have been written by women. In the 19th century women were expected to get married before they become pregnant. I disobeyed this traditional rule and so she got punished for it. In The Choosing I became jealous of her childhood friend. In the 20th century women were free, they were permitted to work and learn. There was no rush in marriage. The difference is the fact that in both poems the society is different, it is better in the 20th century. Women are included as useful.

French Exercise - Si Clause Threads, Second Conditional

French Exercise - Si Clause Threads, Second Conditional This practice exercise can be done as a class or in small groups. It requires familiarity with the second conditional (si clauses), including imperfect and conditional conjugations. What to Do Print out a table for each group (see below).Write the first part of a conditional sentence beginning with si (see suggestions below) in the first table cell. Since this is the second conditional, the si clause needs to be in the imperfect. Invent a result clause, using the conditional, for the second cell.For example: Next, transform the result clause into a si clause and write it in the first column of the second row. (Remember that the verb which was in the conditional now needs to be in the imperfect.) Then invent a corresponding result clause to continue the thread. If clause Result clause Si je gagnais au loto, jachterais une nouvelle voiture. Si je gagnais au loto, jachterais une nouvelle voiture. Si jachetais une nouvelle voiture, je la mnerais lcole. Transform the second result clause into a si clause, and so on, until you have completed the thread. Si je gagnais au loto, jachterais une nouvelle voiture. Si jachetais une nouvelle voiture, je la mnerais lcole. Si je la menais lcole, les autres tudiants madmireraient. Si les autres tudiants madmiraient, ils minviteraient djeuner. To make sure students understand the exercise, start by demonstrating on the board: write a si clause and call on students as you go through the entire thread collectively. Then divide the class into groups of 2 to 4 students and provide each group with an if clause, or have them come up with their own. After each group has completed their thread, either have students read them out loud, or - if there are likely to be a lot of mistakes, as in the case of weaker students - collect the papers and read the threads out loud yourself, either correcting them as you read, or writing the sentences on the board and going over them together. Variations To challenge students creativity, have each group start with the same si clause, and then compare how each one turned out at the end.Assign a different si clause to each group, and after they have each completed one row of the table, have them trade with another group. Each group will then complete the clause in the other groups tables, and then exchange once again with a third group.You can also use this exercise to practice the first conditional and the third conditional. Starter Clauses You and your students can of course invent your own if clauses,* but here are some ideas to get started: Si jallais la luneSi javais un souhaitSi je navais quune semaine vivreSi jà ©tais le prà ©sidentSi jà ©tais richeSi jà ©tais toiSi je faisais mes devoirs tous les joursSi je me cassais la jambeSi je me mariaisSi je pouvais faire la connaissance de nimporte qui dans le mondeSi je pouvais remonter dans le tempsSi je pouvais visiter nimporte quel paysSi je trouvais un portefeuille dans la rueSi je voyais un OVNI (objet volant non identifià ©)Sil y avait des formes de vie intelligente sur dautres planà ¨tesSi les chiens pouvaient parlerSi mon meilleur ami me mentaitSi notre professeur à ©tait en retardSi nous à ©tudiions ensembleSi nous savions le secret du bonheur *If you come up with a great starter clause, please share your ideas. Tables This exercise needs tables with two columns and four rows. Printable pages of tables are available in  Microsoft Word format; you can save and edit this if, for example, you want to type the starter if clause into the first cell of each table. Print enough copies so that you can cut them up and provide at least one table for each group of students. Si Clauses LessonFirst conditional practiceThird conditional practice

Curriculum Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Curriculum Analysis - Essay Example Does it fulfill the learning development level of their level? Incase the answers to these questions is no, it must be planned of what must done to meet up to the student criteria by considering developmental patterns, community needs, redundancy in existing criterion and student coursework. 2. Policy decisions What resources and material is required is decided in the policy decision making phase. The importance of the course information must be compared to the other topics already introduced in the curriculum. What beats the other topics will replace the older ones, as well as update and enhance previous courses to the advancements made in the schooling environment. Other factors include calculating the number of students who opt for the course, how many students are their in each class, what is their average amount per class. This way expenses and budgets can be emerged as well as planning out how to run the budget most cost effectively. 3. Pilot program Before the new curriculum d eveloped is launched, it must be tested to see whether or not it will fulfill the goals for which it was made through testing it by a pilot program. This allows the developers to indicate accurately how the course is progressing, whether the amount of material provided is sufficient in terms of quality and quantity, and it will help detect any flaws or miscalculations that had not been brought to notice during development. This stage will help rectify all the problems by surfacing them through the pilot testing and will solve them before a large amount of funding be wasted. Genuine assessments and standardized testing will be used to achieve student achievement for e.g. student portfolios, containing each individual student’s records and assessments. Succeeding in this will give a positive sign to mainstream the curriculum throughout the school district and campuses, locally and internationally, so that each student can benefit from a standard program. For those analyses howe ver that fail the pilot program, extensive deliberation and research must be done to evaluate and determine the causes of failure for e.g. insufficient resources to educate the ample amount of students (i.e. supply is less than demand). This assures planners of a better and brighter second attempt. 4. Implementation and Assessment When the curriculum has finally been developed, tested and improved, it must be implemented. Data collection must take place to further increase its efficiency. This is usually done through standardized testing as well as other common computation for e.g. portfolios and records, where needed. Projected goals can then be measured against achieving high quality academics for its student population. Curriculum Documentation and Origins A curriculum is systematically documented by isolating and analyzing targeted features of a specific curriculum. Basing our analysis solely on the subject of Mathematics, this analysis involves defining and isolating a particul ar set of content i.e. the topics and chapters and then analyzing the performance expectations and consumer demand which will describe students knowledge capacity. This has two main subdivisions i.e. Content Defined as

Netflix & Qwikster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Netflix & Qwikster - Essay Example The author explains the organization’s changes in its service delivery was too fast and elicited negative responses from its customers. The organization’s Chief Executive Officer, Reed Hastings admitted this in one of his interviews with Nightline. Netflix never reviewed the plan before its launch and it admits to have made a mistake in its communication of the change. The organization also offered an apology to its customers even though at least 600000 of the customers had recalled their subscriptions. The announcement that restricted Netflix to streaming and established Qwikster to handle DVDs-by-mail drew negative comments on the organization’s Facebook page and was fast because the organization had not even acquired ownership of the @Qwikster Twitter account. The company’s chief executive however explained that despite the weaknesses in communicating the change plan, an internal change to separating the two services was significant to improving the org anization’s service delivery. Netflix’s competitors such as amazon.com also utilized the period to make deals with content providers. The organization had however been successful since its establishment in the year 1997 with such milestones as DVDs-by-mail services in the year 1999 and live-streaming in the year 2010 (Effron, 2011). Woo also explains the case and offer complimentary details. Netflix was a highly regarded company and its Chief Executive Officer renown in the industry before the announcement to split itself into two independent organizations. This followed a previous announcement that increased the organization’s prices by about 60 percent. These factors had adverse effects on Netflix’s market control that transferred to its share prices. This influenced a change from the separation decision but the raised prices were retained. In addition to the fall in stock prices, that dropped by up to 60 percent, investors exerted direct pressure on th e CEO because of the changes that were announced. Analysts also degraded marketability of the organization’s shares, following the announcement, a speculation that could add to the declining stock prices at the time. Effects of such decisions that force an organization to make rescissions have however occurred in the past with organizations such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Delta air (Woo, 2011). How Netflix chose to convey the business model change and what went wrong with the communication plan Netflix chose to communicate the business model through a formal decision by its executives. This is the company’s approach to decision making and informed the initial decision to split the company. The formal approach to the communication, as opposed to informal communications that the Chief Executive Officer makes in social media also communicates the official approach of the decision that must have been handled by the company’s executives. Deliberation among the executiv es, as occurred in deciding on the split, was therefore the strategy to deciding on the strategy for communicating the change model (Bevin122, 2011). Reaction to Netflix’s strategy to handling the public outcry, success in alleviating the perceived problem, and the organization’s image following the attempt to alleviate the perceived problem I believe that Netflix’s decision to rescind its initial plans for separating its

Analysis Of Mlk Jrs Letter From Birmingham Jail Religion Essay

Analysis Of Mlk Jrs Letter From Birmingham Jail Religion Essay The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was a time of great unrest. While the movement was felt across the south, Birmingham, Alabama was known for its unequal treatment of blacks and became the focus of the Civil Rights Movement. Under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr., president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, African-Americans in Birmingham, began daily demonstrations and sit-ins to protest discrimination at lunch counters and in public facilities. These demonstrations were organized to draw attention to the injustices in the city. The demonstrations resulted in the arrest of protesters, including Martin Luther King. King was arrested in Birmingham after taking part in a peaceful march to draw attention to the way that African-Americans were being treated there, their lack of voter rights, and the extreme injustice they faced in Alabama. King immediately strives to justify the need for nonviolent direct action through his statement, Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such were deemed necessary. What is direct action? Direct action is a form of political activism which may include sit-ins, strikes, and demonstrations. Kings explanation to the clergymen for protesting segregation began with an explanation of their actions, Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. In this case King was invoking the right of freedom of expression, not only freedom of speech but the freedom to assemble. The clergy and many of the citizens of Birmingham believed the demonstrations, sit-ins, and strikes, considered peaceful by King and his supporters, as a taunting and violation of the segregation laws in place in many of the southern states. Within the first paragraphs of his letter King rebukes the many injustices of his people in Birmingham. King responded with dismay at the clergys reference to him being an outsider. King stated that he had a reason for being in Birmingham and he was not an outsider as the clergymen claimed. He responded with a profound statement, Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds. King explained that his purpose for being in Birmingham was due to the injustices within the city. He continued by comparing himself to the eighth century prophets in that he too was carrying a message the gospel of freedom. King explicitly compared himself to the apostle Paul whose travels were extensive in spreading the gospel of Christ. Just as Paul left Tarsus to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ, King left Atlanta for Birmingham. He claimed that his job as a Christian minister was to attack injustice wherever it appeared. Kings imprisonment could a lso be compared to the imprisonment of Paul. King answered the clergymens allegations that breaking the law was not the way to achieve the results Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that, an unjust law is no law at all. King did not believe that they have broken the law. Kings response to the clergymen was that a law that is not morally sound is not a law. Kings statement supports the conservative theory of the Nature of Law in that law existed before man. The fundamental principles of law are to distinguish between that which is right and that which is wrong. Therefore, laws are made to protect the people not degrade and punish. King defined just and unjust law as follows: A just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law. To put it in the terms of St. Thomas Aquinas: An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law. Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. King wrote that a law could be just on the surface and unjust in its application. The example given was how he had been arrested on the charge of parading without a permit. He explained that there is nothing wrong in having a law which requires a permit for a parade, but that it becomes unjust when it is used to maintain segregation and to deny citizens their First Amendment privilege. King connected the nonviolent civil disobedience or unjust laws to the revolutionary arguments of Thomas Jefferson. Kings writings include, law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice, and when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress. In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson argued that governments exist to protect basic human rights, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. King addressed civil disobedience, the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violence, through his example of the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to obey the laws of Nebuchadnezzar, on the ground that a higher moral law was at stake. Other examples of civil disobedience were incorporated into the letter. King wrote, civil disobedience was demonstrated by the early Christians who were willing to face lions and the chopping blocks rather than submit to certain unjust laws of the Roman Empire. King understood completely that his audience was not the clergymen alone. So, while appealing to the Christian and Biblical beliefs and principles of the clergy, he included non-Biblical examples of civil disobedience as well Socrates and the Boston Tea Party. King responded to the clergymens accusation that he was an extremist by countering with examples of extremists. King wrote, Was not Jesus an extremist for love: Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Amos was an extremist for justice, Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.' He continued providing examples of other extremists including the apostle Paul, Martin Luther, Abraham Lincoln, John Bunyan, and Thomas Jefferson. King was concerned with the oppression of the African American. He continued by writing of the yearning for freedom of the African American. He wrote, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the United States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice. Using the analogy of the promise land was not accidental. The promise land was the Israelites land of freedom from their enslavement at the hands of the Egyptians.   King quoted Abraham Lincoln, This nation cannot survive half slave and half free, and Thomas Jefferson, We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Christianity played a major role in Kings response to the clergymen. He shared his disappointment with the church as a whole. King believed that he would find support for the cause of justice within the community of the church. He wrote of the strength of the early Christians and of their rejoicing for being deemed worthy to suffer for what they believed. He also wrote of the weakness of the contemporary church and the concerns he had about Christianity losing its meaning. King was so distraught over the actions of the church that he found himself asking, What kind of people worship here? Who is their God? And, while disappointed, he responded with statements of love and hope. As King concluded his letter he shared his belief that the struggle for freedom would be won, not only in Birmingham but across the nation, because the black mans destiny was tied up with the destiny of America and the goal of America is freedom. Kings letter from the Birmingham jail inspired a national civil rights movement. The goal was to completely end the system of segregation in every aspect of public life (stores, separate bathrooms and drinking fountains, etc.) and in job discrimination. The enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in employment practices and public accommodations, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 reinforced the guarantees of full citizenship provided under the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments. The passage of these two acts marked the end of the Jim Crow system in the South. The desegregation of public facilities was swiftly implemented. With the enforcement powers of the federal government enhanced, the desegregation of public schools was also initiated.

To what extent can Lord of the Flies be considered a Marxist piece?

Lord of the Flies centres on a group of boys stranded on a tropical island when their plane crashes en route from England to Australia as part of an evacuation during an atomic war (hypothetical war.) The story is essentially an allegorical tale of the innate evil of man – good versus evil. Of the book, Golding said that he wrote it to illustrate how political systems cannot govern society effectively unless they take into consideration the inherent defects of human nature. Marxism is seen as the development from an oppressive capitalist society to an equal and classless society. Golding tries to set a utopian world within the island devoid of adult, societal constraints but in the end the innate animal characteristics of man come to the fore. Golding based his story on the 19th century novel ‘The Coral Island' written by R M Ballantyne. Whereas Ballantyne's novel, an adventure story of three boys stranded on a desert island, was optimistic, Golding's is terrifyingly pessimistic. The novel was written shortly after World War II , in the early days of the Cold War when paranoia about communism was at its height. In the early 1950s many people were accused, often falsely, of being communists (the McCarthy era in the USA at this time is a good example of this.) It is within this context that Golding wrote Lord of the Flies. The battles between Ralph and Jack, the struggles between the Conch group and the Savages and above all the fight of good versus evil, originate in a degree of paranoia typical of the era in which the novel was written. Lord of the Flies' reflects elements of Golding's own life – his experiences during the war made him second guess the traditionally held belief that while society might be evil, man was inherently good. Golding had witnessed the evil in man, not just in the enemy but in his own allies (he was on the ship that sank the German ship Bismarck.) Golding said in his essay ‘Fable' – originally given as part of a lecture series in 1962 – â€Å"My book was to say: you think that now the war is over and an evil thing destroyed, you are safe because you are naturally kind and decent. But I know why the thing rose in Germany. I know it could happen in any country. It could happen here.† The breakdown of order and discipline is prominent throughout the novel. This idea was drawn from Golding's experiences as a school master (his father was also a school teacher.) Golding taught in an English public school so much of his insight was drawn largely from this. Golding felt that at the time, the education system lacked a balance between discipline and creative freedom. By placing the boys on an island without adults, free from the constraints of society, he allows the boys freedom to indulge their desires and impulses. But by setting the story in a tropical paradise, Golding allowed the boys' downfall to come not through a basic struggle for survival but instead from within themselves and commented â€Å"If disaster came, it was not to come through the exploitation of one class by another. It was to rise, simply and solely, out of the nature of the brute . . . . . the only enemy of man is inside him.† (Fable, 1962.) Golding uses the varied characters in the novel to symbolise the varying degrees of savagery exhibited by man and their rift with organised civilisation. For example, Piggy demands that the boys stay within the parameters of organised society – his frequent references to his ‘auntie' represent the only adult voice throughout much of the novel. Jack, on the other hand, is more interested in satisfying his own desires and is of the belief ‘if it's fun, do it.' Ralph, however, is caught somewhere between the extremes exhibited by Piggy and Jack. It is in the clashes between Ralph and Jack that the conflict between a civilised society and a savage one are dramatised and it is in their differing attitudes towards authority that these differences in ideology are portrayed. Ralph is eager to establish order – using the conch to assemble the boys – and although as Golding says â€Å"what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack† it is Ralph who is chosen as the ‘chief.' There is something about Ralph that has set him apart from the others, an innate quality; but it is his hold on the conch that seems to determine his election as leader of the group. The conch symbolises the old, established adult order the boys had been used to – it represents the rules and regulations or law and order of civilised society. Ralph is representative of government and authority and uses his own authority as chief to try and establish rules (for example, you can only speak if you are holding the conch) which are for the good of the group as a whole – he strives to enforce the moral rules of the society they are stranded from. Jack is the antithesis of this – seeking to gain control of the boys to satisfy his basic instincts (Ralph in fact recognising Jack's disappointment at not being chosen as leader is consolatory in announcing that Jack is in charge of the choir or ‘hunters' as they quickly become.) Jack's shift or decline towards savagery is marked throughout the novel. In the early chapters, his eagerness for killing pigs is really a show of bravery but is intertwined with the need to obtain food for the group. In this sense, Jack conforms to society's rules. It is only later in the novel when Jack no longer recognises Ralph's authority and forms his own splinter group with the hunters that Golding shows the reader Jack's true and more dangerous character. In this way, Golding is able to highlight the fact that to a degree certain savage aspects are an inherent part of man's nature (there is an overriding will to survive in humans) nevertheless in most instances this is suppressed to acc eptable levels by the mores of society. Golding himself does not see the novel as a Marxist piece, but as an illustration of â€Å"the darkness of man's heart†. Whilst the novel wasn't about class differences, Golding cleverly uses the language of the boys to highlight the fact there are indeed differences. For example at the beginning of Chapter 1 when Ralph meets Piggy and he asks â€Å". . . What's your father?† When responding Piggy asks â€Å"When'll your dad rescue us?† Alternate explanations from critics seem to come to the conclusion that the events of the novel were a result of circumstance and not of the evil within man. But Golding dismisses the idea that the actions of the boys were not inevitable. He suggests that the violence occurs â€Å"simply and solely out of the nature of the brute.† Modern critics will argue that the meaning of the text is individual to each reader. â€Å"I no longer believe that the author has a sort of patria potestas over his brainchildren. Once they are printed they have reached their majority and the author has no more authority over them, knows no more about them, perhaps knows less about them than the critic who comes fresh to them, and sees them not as the author hoped they would be, but as what they are† (Golding, Fable) Golding is suggesting that the meaning of a text is not always governed by the author, so although he clearly did not intend for â€Å"Lord of the Flies† to be a Marxist piece, it could be argued that it has become one. It could be argued that given Golding's life experiences and his father's influence, this was inevitable. Roger's sadistic manner was only stopped by the taboos and laws of society, but without these constraints he is unable to unleash the â€Å"id† that is caged by society, but is a demonic feature of the human psyche. In the chapter ‘Painted Faces and Long Hair' Roger is seen along with Maurice to destroy the ‘Littluns' castle. Then Roger throws stones at Henry, although deliberately misses – in this sense his action is controlled by the presence of the rules of society. Later in ‘Castle Rock' Roger, feeling that all aspects of civilised society have disappeared is now free of the constraints imposed by society and so unleashes his true savagery by throwing a stone at Piggy – this time deliberately aimed to harm. It can be argued that Golding uses Roger, who becomes the epitome of savage when he murders Piggy, to embody the central theme of the novel. The conflict between desire and moral obligation is a central theme of the novel. Golding uses the different personalities of the boys to indicate the varied degrees of savagery that humans demonstrate. Piggy juxtaposes Roger as he exhibits no animalistic qualities and adheres to society's rules. Golding expresses that this vehemence is a more natural aspect of human behaviour and that civilization forces compassion onto us rather than it being a natural human instinct. Even the naval officer recognises that the boys have become out of control – his comment to Ralph that they might have been able to â€Å"put up a better show than that . . . â€Å"illustrates this; Ralph recognises that in the beginning they were a cohesive group, a society. The signal fire's purpose is to hopefully attract the attention of a passing ship so that the boys may be saved. Metaphorically, indicates how savage the boys have become and how far they have moved away from socially acceptable behaviour. The boys start the fire using Piggy's glasses in an attempt to be rescued .This suggests that they still long for the order of civilisation. As the fire diminishes, we notice decay in the moral obligations the boys feel and they become more savage. The signal fire allows the reader to gauge how much of society is left on the island. Golding uses dramatic irony at the end of the novel when the officer arrives on the island. Ironically the fire is the antithesis of society at this point in the novel; it has now become a metaphor for the ferocity that man is capable of. The boys ask for some sign of the beast – the sign sent by the grown-ups is the dead parachutist; the beast is a dead pilot – Golding uses this to signify the chaos of an adult world at war. In chapter 5, Simon says â€Å"What I mean is†¦ maybe it's only us†. Simon suggests that â€Å"the beastie† is just a creation of the boys. It is the fear of the unknown that brings the beast to life. Simon's idea is one that links with Golding's views of humanity's savagery. Simon is the only boy on the island who does not abandon his morals, but he is savagely killed when he tries to help the rest of the boys. Simon's morality is overwhelmed by the other boy's amorality, so while Golding does not claim that mankind doesn't exhibit kindness, he does make the point that it is powerless when the rest of the world is evil. The island is a microcosm of society, and the boys represent different political ideologies. Ralph represents democracy, whilst Jack, with his symbolic red hair, represents communism. The boy's influence on the island itself can also be seen as a metaphor for human corruption of the planet. The forest scar created by the crashing plane symbolises the encroachment of corrupt civilisation onto the island. NOTES â€Å"What makes things break up like they do?† is the poignant question Piggy asks Ralph. Golding himself blames the breakdown of the island's democracy on the innate greed and ferocity that is an occupational hazard of being human. In a lecture at the University of California in 1962 he said â€Å"So the boys try to construct a civilization on the island; but it breaks down in blood and terror because the boys are suffering from the terrible disease of being human†. The fire is diatronically opposed to hunting which is the activity of anarchy. Ralph portrays democracy and the role of government in any modern society. He strives to satisfy the demands of the public at large but recognises that certain rules of behaviour must be followed in order to prevent anarchy. Anarchy eventually defeats order – Golding believed that government is ineffective in keeping people together. No matter how logical or reasonable government is, it will in the end give way to anarchical demands of the public.

Jessie Pope Essay

Jessie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title ‘Who’s for the game?’ It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope – either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a ‘game’ for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the ‘biggest’ game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, ‘the biggest that’s played,’ Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The ‘game’ is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between ‘the red crashing game’ and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: ‘Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid?’ This shows that Pope’s outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWho’s for the game?’ It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope – either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a ‘game’ for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the ‘biggest’ game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, ‘the biggest that’s played,’ Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The ‘game’ is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between ‘the red crashing game’ and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: ‘Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid?’ This shows that Pope’s outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title ‘Who’s for the game?’ It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope – either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she  did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a ‘game’ for the above reason and also emphasises that it is the ‘biggest’ game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, ‘the biggest that’s played,’ Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The ‘game’ is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between ‘the red crashing game’ and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: ‘Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid?’ This shows that Pope’s outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can. This is compared to a game like rugby, which was a popular sport amongst men at this time, whilst meaning who will rise essie Pope was a journalist who wrote recruitment poems for the Daily Mail during the First World War. The poems she did write were positive propaganda poems for the war; her objective was to stimulate patriotism in the readers so that the men would join the forces. Pope wrote a persuasive poem where she compared war to a game. This is illustrated in the title ‘Who’s for the game?’ It shows that her attitude to war was that it was a great big event that everyone should take part in one way or another. The title is a short and punchy question inviting anyone to answer. This gives the wrong impression of the war, it is misleading and Jessie Pope – either intentionally or mistakably. Pope was ridiculed for doing this, but if she did write the actual reality of war, no one would really want to join, therefore the aim of the poem would not be fulfilled and the British army would have no chance of wining in the war. Stanza one begins again by referring to the war as a ‘game’ for the above  reason and also emphasises that it is the ‘biggest’ game ever known, war is not a game where you may loose points but where it is likely to loose a limb or loose your life. By her saying war it the game, ‘the biggest that’s played,’ Jessie Pope gives a false notion in the first line and makes war sound remarkable when clearly it is not. The ‘game’ is then repeated to enforce excitement even more. Pope goes on to imply it could be a violent game, appealing to the masculine instinct whilst there is a comparison between ‘the red crashing game’ and the red blood shed in war, she makes it seem like a boxing match. Jessie Pope continues to base the poem on a game by stating: ‘Who’ll grip and tackle the job unafraid?’ This shows that Pope’s outlook on the war was it was not for cowards but men who will fight for their country and protect their families in every way they can.

The Enhancement of State Capacity Requires Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1014 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Democracy Essay Did you like this example? When it comes to state building, we see that many developing countries have failed to maintain the political order and enforce their authority. The failure of the state to create a political order, leading to uncertain political authority and legitimacy, ineffective public policies and insecurity, especially for the minority groups and or the poor. The main cause of these failure is bad governance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Enhancement of State Capacity Requires Democracy" essay for you Create order What can only make matters worse is intervention from outside. The national and international policies that contribute to the collapse of the state must be revised. Work must be done to develop the state and development needs better and no less intervention from the state. Development and democratization are mutually supportive. Work must be done on the institutional capacity of the state. The consequences of institutional capacity can be seen in various areas, namely the economic development of human rights, justice and poverty reduction.. Social development relies upon institutional limit. Institutions are of eminent importance for democracy in particular the rule of law and the impartial bureaucracy, which offers a bit of security to those who have no political power associated with wealth and social status. When building institutions, it is important that all groups are taken into account, because ignoring inequalities of power in institution building can produce conflicting results. Both the political and administrative problems undermine the political capacity of the states and the building of policy capacity will not be easy because it is a threat to ruling elites and local rulers. The enhancement of state capacity requires democracy To achieve development, it is important that a coordination of all activities exist, in order to promote the state (our) prosperity. In a functional, regulatory state, with its regulatory capacity can provide service and value to the community. Imagine that the capacity of a country is weak, does that country need democracy to strengthen state capacity? Nowadays democracy is seen as a goal to achieve and as a means to achieve economic development, poverty reduction and protection of human rights. If that is true, it means that democracy goes hand in hand with state capacity. In other words, countries with low state capacity need democratic institutions to impose minimum restrictions on governments and to channel policies of those in power on public goods supply and decent economic management, but nothing is less true. Democracy is not a sine -qua-non (or mandatory) condition that guarantees state prosperity, or even state good functionality. Several arguments presented below: The involvement of the West in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya was to strengthen the states authority. What is striking about these countries is while they are promoting democratization, they have not been developed by democracy. The involvement of the West has led to a chaotic situation in those countries. These countries have been made democratic by the West (or at least the intention stated), while the conditions of the population have not improved. It seems that the administrative capacity has actually declined while they are democratic states. The subjects of these countries thems elves indicate that they would rather have their old leaders back. The people, therefore, ask for their autocratic leaders, concluding that not that democracy (the will of the people) is the pillar of well being and good governance. Having said this, does not mean that democracy cannot strengthen state capacity? I will indicate from the example of the police force of Suriname that it depends on the situation. The police force of Suriname is an organization that takes care of order and rest in the country. Because of this, you need a strong organization that functions well. In order for the organization to function properly, the administrative capacity is of eminent importance. Administrative capacity can be improved by a solid approach in creation of capacity building, intellect and professional capacity, by paying attention to the education of the police personnel (government officials). In practice, we see that too. If we take into consideration the arrest team(AT) of the police force Suriname, we see that in their cases they succeed in most cases. this is the result of well-trained staff. they know where they stand and train regularly. The police organization operates under the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and police. Which means that to a certain extent the police organization is democratically embedded because they are partly accountable to the minister of justice. With regard to public order, the authority rests with the district commissioner or citizen father and the public prosecutor for the investigation. The management of the police rests with the police chief. The distribution of responsibilities is reason why I say that the organization is democratic to a certain extent. If the organization were entirely under the direction of the Minister of Justice in the police, there could be a complete democratic embedding. Democracy can strengthen the capacity of the police force of Suriname to a certain level. democracy cannot be maintained in all situations. Imagine that the region assistance team from the middle region (RBT) Suriname during their regular surveillance are confronted with the criminals who were involved in the murder of the ex-journalist of â€Å"De ware Tijd van Suriname†, Isaak Poetisi on June 9, 2018. At that moment they are certainly going to battle, because the criminals are not going to give up easily and there is no time for deliberations to know how the people or the minister wants them to act. At that moment, action demands response. You need a strong leader who has to make the decisions, he have to call the shots. It is not about whether it is right or not. The result is important at that time. It does not matter how, because that is not the issue. The most important goal is for the criminals to be arrested. By arresting them a bit of peace in society. By arresting them, faith in the police restored. The strengthening of state capacity is possible through democracy, but that depends on the circumstances of the situation at that time. What is right is that the capacity of the state can be strengthened.